{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203682601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2021f95","title":"Optimization and Evaluation of Calibration for Low-cost Air Quality Sensors: Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Models","display_name":"Optimization and Evaluation of Calibration for Low-cost Air Quality Sensors: Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203682601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2021f95","mag":"3203682601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15439/2021f95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2021f95","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2021/drp/pdf/95.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2021/drp/pdf/95.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002460091","display_name":"Petar Zhivkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24768866","display_name":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8hew03","country_code":"BG","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163063","display_name":"Institute of Information and Communication Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/05fpsjc82","country_code":"BG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210163063"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petar Zhivkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IICT-BAS) acad. Georgi Bonchev str. Bl. 2, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria","Institute of Information and Communication Technologies -"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IICT-BAS) acad. Georgi Bonchev str. Bl. 2, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Communication Technologies -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163063"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002460091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24768866","https://openalex.org/I4210163063"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1461,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73644003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.8077713847160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5856712460517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5645962357521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-index","display_name":"Air quality index","score":0.5225988030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45222973823547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4393848478794098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43160173296928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41953855752944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13612812757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12476462125778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.09061875939369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06781300902366638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.8077713847160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5856712460517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5645962357521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.5225988030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45222973823547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4393848478794098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43160173296928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41953855752944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13612812757492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12476462125778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09061875939369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06781300902366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15439/2021f95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2021f95","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2021/drp/pdf/95.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:902df6a4b75a4d3bbb6fb4af256296d1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/902df6a4b75a4d3bbb6fb4af256296d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of computer science and information systems, Vol 25, Pp 255-258 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15439/2021f95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15439/2021f95","pdf_url":"https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2021/drp/pdf/95.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651875","display_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","issn_l":"2300-5963","issn":["2300-5963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317484","host_organization_name":"Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317484"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203682601.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203682601.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482451543","https://openalex.org/W1627518286","https://openalex.org/W1979223398","https://openalex.org/W1993603773","https://openalex.org/W2003366520","https://openalex.org/W2021650966","https://openalex.org/W2064127932","https://openalex.org/W2083844448","https://openalex.org/W2100327407","https://openalex.org/W2102609563","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2140282454","https://openalex.org/W2177101396","https://openalex.org/W2294038847","https://openalex.org/W2556663267","https://openalex.org/W2590407211","https://openalex.org/W2605172292","https://openalex.org/W2741056528","https://openalex.org/W2746110249","https://openalex.org/W2746526298","https://openalex.org/W2800203331","https://openalex.org/W2801959627","https://openalex.org/W2903419277","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2963395938","https://openalex.org/W2981414800","https://openalex.org/W2999896177","https://openalex.org/W3015082165","https://openalex.org/W4233619925","https://openalex.org/W4240464792","https://openalex.org/W4246736149","https://openalex.org/W4248549135","https://openalex.org/W4254315057","https://openalex.org/W6664745863","https://openalex.org/W6736118343","https://openalex.org/W6769028694","https://openalex.org/W7018619344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105642232","https://openalex.org/W3197833032","https://openalex.org/W3207332793","https://openalex.org/W4386081464","https://openalex.org/W2499612753","https://openalex.org/W2750709484","https://openalex.org/W3113278055","https://openalex.org/W4296474495","https://openalex.org/W3156676741","https://openalex.org/W3166354539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,60,74,85,96,103,109,114,131],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,21,29,53,62,113],"air":[4,14,37],"pollution":[5],"management,":[6],"low-cost":[7,48,57,78,118,143],"sensors":[8,23,58,86,119],"are":[9],"increasingly":[10],"being":[11],"used":[12],"in":[13,40],"quality":[15,20],"monitoring,":[16],"but":[17],"data":[19,34,45],"these":[22],"is":[24],"still":[25],"a":[26,138],"major":[27],"source":[28],"concern.":[30],"In":[31,129],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"from":[35,46,56,120],"five":[36,88],"monitoring":[38],"stations":[39],"Sofia":[41],"were":[42,65],"compared":[43,125],"to":[44,72,122,126,136,141],"fixed":[47],"PM":[49,79],"sensors.":[50,80],"The":[51,105],"values":[52,112],"atmospheric":[54],"pressure":[55],"and":[59,94],"effects":[61],"relative":[63],"humidity":[64],"investigated.":[66],"A":[67],"two-step":[68,132],"model":[69,98,107,134],"was":[70],"created":[71],"refine":[73],"calibration":[75,133],"process":[76],"for":[77],"At":[81],"first,":[82],"we":[83],"calibrated":[84],"with":[87,99],"separate":[89],"supervised":[90],"machine":[91],"learning":[92],"models":[93],"then":[95],"ANNfinal":[97],"anomaly":[100],"detection":[101],"completed":[102],"results.":[104],"ANN-final":[106],"improved":[108],"R":[110],"2":[111],"PM10":[115],"determined":[116],"by":[117],"0.62":[121],"0.95":[123],"as":[124],"standard":[127],"instruments.":[128],"conclusion,":[130],"proved":[135],"be":[137],"positive":[139],"solution":[140],"addressing":[142],"sensor":[144],"efficiency":[145],"issues.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
