{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962618028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15325/bltj.2018.2856598","title":"The network OS: Carrier-grade SDN control of multi-domain, multi-layer networks","display_name":"The network OS: Carrier-grade SDN control of multi-domain, multi-layer networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962618028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15325/bltj.2018.2856598","mag":"2962618028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15325/bltj.2018.2856598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15325/bltj.2018.2856598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177220781","display_name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","issn_l":"1089-7089","issn":["1089-7089","1538-7035","1538-7305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054336795","display_name":"Marina Thottan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Thottan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021964790","display_name":"Catello Di Martino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-516X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catello Di Martino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440466","display_name":"Young-Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-6335"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109199204","display_name":"Gary Atkinson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090619132","display_name":"Nakjung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-1933"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nakjung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052511806","display_name":"Nishok Mohanasamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishok Mohanasamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063404392","display_name":"Lalita Jategaonkar Jagadeesan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalita Jagadeesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038153204","display_name":"Veena Mendiratta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-2391"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veena Mendiratta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077015101","display_name":"J. E. Simsarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3211-311X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesse E. Simsarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089308653","display_name":"Bartek Kozicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bartek Kozicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64254899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.6793195605278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6038314700126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.497527152299881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4769814610481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46266603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34688133001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.260852575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.09656181931495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08233824372291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.047158271074295044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.6793195605278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6038314700126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.497527152299881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4769814610481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46266603469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34688133001327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.260852575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09656181931495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08233824372291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.047158271074295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15325/bltj.2018.2856598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15325/bltj.2018.2856598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177220781","display_name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","issn_l":"1089-7089","issn":["1089-7089","1538-7035","1538-7305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W876154218","https://openalex.org/W1500731339","https://openalex.org/W1521996325","https://openalex.org/W1976365031","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2071187149","https://openalex.org/W2072747596","https://openalex.org/W2102090846","https://openalex.org/W2115453686","https://openalex.org/W2123623915","https://openalex.org/W2126822952","https://openalex.org/W2156071012","https://openalex.org/W2239064595","https://openalex.org/W2328356262","https://openalex.org/W2565116532","https://openalex.org/W2606268356","https://openalex.org/W2739209994","https://openalex.org/W4236202168","https://openalex.org/W4246318925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130966263","https://openalex.org/W2623347760","https://openalex.org/W3034138874","https://openalex.org/W1864954421","https://openalex.org/W2362192218","https://openalex.org/W1991466308","https://openalex.org/W2801011252","https://openalex.org/W4313681550","https://openalex.org/W1571048958","https://openalex.org/W2002703587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driven":[0],"by":[1,102,166],"the":[2,75,105,111,155,160,172,176,179,219,249,252,256,265,268],"growth":[3],"of":[4,26,79,107,113,143,159,175,251,258,267],"cloud":[5,168],"and":[6,35,77,110,157,228,242,263,279],"virtualization":[7],"technologies,":[8,82],"telecom":[9,215],"services":[10,19,164],"are":[11,96],"under":[12],"pressure":[13],"to":[14,43,45,65,69,74,88,98,125,200],"become":[15],"increasingly":[16],"dynamic.":[17],"Cloud":[18],"can":[20,32,235],"be":[21,184],"instantiated":[22],"in":[23,61,255],"a":[24,50,121,144,149,187,195,203,222,230,275],"matter":[25],"minutes":[27],"on":[28],"computing":[29],"platforms,":[30],"which":[31,131],"rapidly":[33],"schedule":[34],"allocate":[36],"virtualized":[37],"physical":[38],"resources.":[39,54],"A":[40],"similar":[41],"flexibility":[42],"adapt":[44,66],"dynamic":[46,162],"service":[47,245],"requests":[48],"remains":[49],"challenge":[51],"with":[52,115,148,207,271],"network":[53,67,100,108,137,146,151,163,181,197,204,224],"Recently,":[55],"centralized":[56,91],"controllers":[57],"have":[58,85],"been":[59,86],"deployed":[60],"data":[62,277],"center":[63,278],"networks":[64,84,238],"connectivity":[68],"computational":[70],"needs.":[71],"However,":[72],"due":[73],"complexity":[76,101],"variety":[78],"carrier":[80,83,177],"networking":[81],"slow":[87],"move":[89],"towards":[90],"control.":[92],"More":[93],"recently,":[94],"carriers":[95],"evolving":[97],"address":[99,171],"pushing":[103],"for":[104,221],"disaggregation":[106],"elements":[109],"introduction":[112],"equipment":[114],"more":[116,161],"control":[117,123,236],"flexibility.":[118],"Carriers":[119],"require":[120],"new":[122,129],"paradigm":[124],"benefit":[126],"from":[127],"this":[128,191],"flexibility,":[130],"extends":[132],"far":[133],"beyond":[134],"today's":[135],"OpenFlow":[136],"controllers.":[138],"<p":[139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">The":[141],"lack":[142],"global":[145,196],"controller":[147,182,198],"consistent":[150],"view":[152],"slows":[153],"down":[154],"development":[156],"deployment":[158],"required":[165],"extensive":[167],"technologies.":[169],"To":[170],"scaling":[173],"requirements":[174,220],"environment,":[178],"envisioned":[180],"would":[183],"implemented":[185],"as":[186,202],"distributed":[188],"system.":[189],"In":[190],"article,":[192],"we":[193],"describe":[194,229],"designed":[199],"function":[201],"operating":[205,225],"system":[206,226,232],"multi-domain,":[208],"multi-layer":[209],"capabilities":[210],"that":[211,234],"will":[212],"transform":[213],"carrier-grade":[214,223],"services.":[216],"We":[217,247],"define":[218],"(OS)":[227],"prototype":[231],"(NetUNIX)":[233],"heterogeneous":[237],"at":[239],"large":[240],"scale":[241],"ensure":[243],"high":[244],"reliability.":[246],"highlight":[248],"advantages":[250],"NetUNIX":[253,269],"platform":[254,270],"context":[257],"other":[259],"open":[260],"source":[261],"platforms":[262],"illustrate":[264],"use":[266,273],"two":[272],"cases:":[274],"metro-distributed":[276],"5G":[280],"next-generation":[281],"fronthaul.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
