{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058215225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779611030","title":"Perceptual Ability with Real-World Nighttime Scenes: Image-Intensified, Infrared, and Fused-Color Imagery","display_name":"Perceptual Ability with Real-World Nighttime Scenes: Image-Intensified, Infrared, and Fused-Color Imagery","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058215225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779611030","mag":"2058215225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872099779611030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779611030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110042830","display_name":"Edward A. Essock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward A. Essock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112490109","display_name":"Michael J. Sinai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Sinai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041565458","display_name":"Jason S. McCarley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-7491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason S. McCarley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110871834","display_name":"William K. Krebs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William K. Krebs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California","Naval postgraduate School, Monterey, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval postgraduate School, Monterey, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090660960","display_name":"J. Kevin DeFord","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kevin DeFord","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110042830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84236126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"438","last_page":"452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.689011812210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6055541634559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5875387191772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.4755406379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44956231117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-vision","display_name":"Color vision","score":0.43289902806282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/night-vision","display_name":"Night vision","score":0.430970162153244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39193493127822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3128688335418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1504897177219391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1296420693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.08283483982086182}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.689011812210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6055541634559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5875387191772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4755406379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44956231117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61674017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374259","display_name":"Color vision","level":2,"score":0.43289902806282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983470273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5353651","display_name":"Night vision","level":2,"score":0.430970162153244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39193493127822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3128688335418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1504897177219391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1296420693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.08283483982086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872099779611030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779611030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307801","display_name":"Texas Instruments","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59659586","https://openalex.org/W131617084","https://openalex.org/W300890626","https://openalex.org/W566266302","https://openalex.org/W587749603","https://openalex.org/W610324613","https://openalex.org/W984597555","https://openalex.org/W1513426191","https://openalex.org/W1514068937","https://openalex.org/W1596596805","https://openalex.org/W1826611864","https://openalex.org/W1928129394","https://openalex.org/W1943665722","https://openalex.org/W1973667959","https://openalex.org/W1982906010","https://openalex.org/W1993694214","https://openalex.org/W1997153036","https://openalex.org/W1997248947","https://openalex.org/W2002636215","https://openalex.org/W2013068849","https://openalex.org/W2021109377","https://openalex.org/W2048630230","https://openalex.org/W2048913467","https://openalex.org/W2050320786","https://openalex.org/W2057790208","https://openalex.org/W2064258335","https://openalex.org/W2069302142","https://openalex.org/W2074950763","https://openalex.org/W2089588363","https://openalex.org/W2093353037","https://openalex.org/W2101787804","https://openalex.org/W2107990008","https://openalex.org/W2121370563","https://openalex.org/W2123008846","https://openalex.org/W2127254134","https://openalex.org/W2128864197","https://openalex.org/W2130209557","https://openalex.org/W2149095485","https://openalex.org/W2151321840","https://openalex.org/W2152959827","https://openalex.org/W2156046656","https://openalex.org/W2160719354","https://openalex.org/W2290312602","https://openalex.org/W2339488481","https://openalex.org/W2344744641","https://openalex.org/W2476479690","https://openalex.org/W2925249083","https://openalex.org/W4231353131","https://openalex.org/W4248812721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2628861693","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W3203087560","https://openalex.org/W2127812173","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2495677540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,15,45],"investigated":[1],"human":[2],"perceptual":[3,57,104,128,145,158],"performance":[4,65,80,146],"allowed":[5],"by":[6,162],"relatively":[7,166],"impoverished":[8,167],"information":[9,43,54,164],"conveyed":[10],"in":[11,23,94,103,110,122,165],"nighttime":[12,19,48],"natural":[13],"scenes.":[14,171],"used":[16],"images":[17,168],"of":[18,108,120,142,144,169,173],"outdoor":[20],"scenes":[21,125],"rendered":[22],"image-intensified":[24],"low-light":[25],"visible":[26],"(i":[27],"2":[28,38],")":[29],"sensors,":[30,34],"thermal":[31],"infrared":[32],"(ir)":[33],"and":[35,106,113,151,154,181],"an":[36],"i":[37],"/ir":[39],"fusion":[40,152],"technique":[41],"with":[42,83,91,147],"added.":[44],"found":[46],"that":[47,64,97,117,184],"imagery":[49],"provides":[50],"adequate":[51],"low-level":[52],"image":[53,77],"for":[55,66,131],"effective":[56],"organization":[58,129,159],"on":[59,75],"a":[60,69,100,111],"classification":[61],"task,":[62],"but":[63],"exemplars":[67],"within":[68],"given":[70],"object":[71],"category":[72],"is":[73,89],"dependent":[74],"the":[76,84,92,95,115,118,127,135,140,163],"type.":[78],"Overall":[79],"was":[81],"best":[82],"false-color":[85],"fused":[86],"images.":[87],"This":[88],"consistent":[90],"suggestion":[93,116],"literature":[96],"color":[98,121],"plays":[99],"predominate":[101],"role":[102],"grouping":[105],"segmenting":[107],"objects":[109],"scene":[112],"supports":[114],"addition":[119],"complex":[123,170],"achromatic":[124],"aids":[126],"required":[130],"visual":[132],"search.":[133],"In":[134],"present":[136],"study,":[137],"we":[138],"address":[139],"issue":[141],"assessment":[143],"alternative":[148,186],"night-vision":[149],"sensors":[150,187],"methods":[153],"begin":[155],"to":[156],"characterize":[157],"abilities":[160],"permitted":[161],"Applications":[172],"this":[174],"research":[175],"include":[176],"improving":[177],"night":[178],"vision,":[179],"medical,":[180],"other":[182],"devices":[183],"use":[185],"or":[188],"degraded":[189],"imagery.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}