{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003066020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779591187","title":"The Utility of Display Space in Keeping Track of Rapidly Changing Information","display_name":"The Utility of Display Space in Keeping Track of Rapidly Changing Information","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003066020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779591187","mag":"2003066020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872099779591187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779591187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108113566","display_name":"Stephen Hess","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118379","display_name":"Aptima (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02js2n445","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118379"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Hess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aptima Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aptima Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056138640","display_name":"Mark C. Detweiler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark C. Detweiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interval Research Corp., Palo Alto, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interval Research Corp., Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016423039","display_name":"R. Darin Ellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-8395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Darin Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68821404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"257","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6333320736885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5899471044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-display","display_name":"Information display","score":0.5380055904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.48093265295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4564402997493744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4283943176269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35158276557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.1742798388004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08053967356681824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6333320736885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5899471044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984621161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Information display","level":2,"score":0.5380055904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.48093265295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4564402997493744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4283943176269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35158276557922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1742798388004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08053967356681824}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872099779591187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872099779591187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102110531","https://openalex.org/W365690002","https://openalex.org/W438288536","https://openalex.org/W1224164045","https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1604337239","https://openalex.org/W1789658284","https://openalex.org/W1898975967","https://openalex.org/W1970602793","https://openalex.org/W1975633640","https://openalex.org/W1987232966","https://openalex.org/W1990451873","https://openalex.org/W1996960315","https://openalex.org/W1998139558","https://openalex.org/W2020194695","https://openalex.org/W2048627507","https://openalex.org/W2054987457","https://openalex.org/W2059142850","https://openalex.org/W2075827348","https://openalex.org/W2100210120","https://openalex.org/W2100757236","https://openalex.org/W2111107118","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2328991837","https://openalex.org/W2334638123","https://openalex.org/W2494487601","https://openalex.org/W4240553276","https://openalex.org/W4300535372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789518417","https://openalex.org/W4213217485","https://openalex.org/W2566545183","https://openalex.org/W2499449816","https://openalex.org/W2059085722","https://openalex.org/W238145802","https://openalex.org/W4210856988","https://openalex.org/W2946721565","https://openalex.org/W2801976440","https://openalex.org/W4229560150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"results":[1],"of":[2,22,39,54,58,81,90,114,143,161,181],"4":[3,106],"experiments":[4],"suggest":[5],"that":[6,19,41,87,110,137],"the":[7,20,37,52,88,151,167,174],"information":[8,40,82,116],"available":[9],"in":[10,118,147,155,164],"graphic":[11],"displays":[12,135,139,187],"can":[13,26],"have":[14],"considerable":[15],"performance":[16,66,194],"consequences":[17],"and":[18,36,63,69,105,153,158],"kind":[21],"display":[23,122],"invariants":[24],"provided":[25,107],"interact":[27],"with":[28,120,131],"variables":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"task":[32],"difficulty,":[33],"working-memory":[34],"load,":[35],"organization":[38],"is":[42],"to":[43,60,73,96,128,189],"be":[44,61,97],"remembered.":[45],"In":[46],"Experiment":[47,84],"1,":[48],"participants":[49,74,111],"benefited":[50],"from":[51],"presence":[53,89],"invariant":[55],"spatial":[56,121],"correlates":[57],"values":[59],"remembered":[62,98],"showed":[64,86],"superior":[65],"(fewer":[67],"errors":[68],"faster":[70],"responses)":[71],"relative":[72],"using":[75],"a":[76,144,156],"spatially":[77],"impoverished":[78],"display,":[79],"regardless":[80],"organization.":[83],"2":[85],"unique":[91],"verbal":[92],"labels":[93],"for":[94],"items":[95],"aids":[99],"keeping":[100],"track":[101,113],"performance.":[102],"Experiments":[103],"3":[104],"further":[108],"evidence":[109],"kept":[112],"changing":[115],"best":[117],"conditions":[119],"invariants.":[123],"These":[124],"data":[125],"are":[126],"relevant":[127],"practitioners":[129],"faced":[130],"designing":[132],"soft":[133],"monitoring":[134,193],"-":[136],"is,":[138],"involving":[140],"multiple":[141],"attributes":[142],"single":[145],"object":[146],"some":[148],"cases":[149],"(e.g.,":[150,166],"temperature":[152],"pressure":[154],"boiler)":[157],"one":[159],"attribute":[160],"many":[162],"objects":[163],"others":[165],"current":[168],"flow":[169],"through":[170],"several":[171],"valves":[172],"feeding":[173],"same":[175],"system).":[176],"Actual":[177],"or":[178],"potential":[179],"applications":[180],"this":[182],"research":[183],"include":[184],"improving":[185],"computer":[186],"designed":[188],"support":[190],"complex,":[191],"memoryintensive":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}