{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052424083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872096778702051","title":"CRITIQUE AND RESPONSE: Response to Maddox Critique","display_name":"CRITIQUE AND RESPONSE: Response to Maddox Critique","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052424083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872096778702051","mag":"2052424083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872096778702051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872096778702051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111850673","display_name":"Kim J. Vicente","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"KIM J. VICENTE","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","* University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"* University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071353348","display_name":"Klaus Christoffersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KLAUS CHRISTOFFERSEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","* University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"* University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054318796","display_name":"Christopher N. Hunter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHRISTOPHER N. HUNTER","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","* University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"* University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111850673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94186047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"3","first_page":"546","last_page":"549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13297","display_name":"History and advancements in chemistry","score":0.9438999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.47523975372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4723155200481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors-and-ergonomics","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","score":0.44324618577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.34297308325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.33474254608154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33170467615127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3236706554889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.25392335653305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22329089045524597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.47523975372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4723155200481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.44324618577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.34297308325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.33474254608154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33170467615127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3236706554889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.25392335653305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22329089045524597}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872096778702051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872096778702051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013143261","https://openalex.org/W2018165967","https://openalex.org/W2053229400","https://openalex.org/W2113089263","https://openalex.org/W2125452230","https://openalex.org/W2155740880","https://openalex.org/W2163322071","https://openalex.org/W2316755718","https://openalex.org/W2506476930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077812314","https://openalex.org/W1568411643","https://openalex.org/W4388484401","https://openalex.org/W2260842574","https://openalex.org/W2084453079","https://openalex.org/W2257529021","https://openalex.org/W3097631859","https://openalex.org/W2023557033","https://openalex.org/W2244508426","https://openalex.org/W2362352075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,54,97,600],"sincerely":[1],"thank":[2],"both":[3,395],"the":[4,10,26,42,73,88,99,111,126,153,157,163,169,173,182,192,210,234,249,252,266,273,280,288,299,355,358,390,412,424,436,451,465,471,502,507,514,526,540,548,558,573,595,603],"editor":[5],"and":[6,55,86,165,191,195,292,309,392,397,423,588],"Michael":[7],"Maddox":[8,56,569],"for":[9,155,209,470],"opportunity":[11],"to":[12,40,64,80,149,261,298,354,458,517,546,580],"participate":[13],"in":[14,72,84,87,94,220,226,239,365,405,501,552,616],"this":[15,409,538,607],"collegial":[16],"debate":[17],"centered":[18],"on":[19,32,58,537],"our":[20,114,221,366,406],"article,":[21],"A":[202],"Longitudinal":[23],"Study":[24],"of":[25,28,91,110,113,125,128,144,151,168,197,205,236,251,265,272,357,378,389,426,449,453,464,480,482,550,561,565,575,606],"Effects":[27],"Ecological":[29],"Interface":[30],"Design":[31],"Skill":[33],"Acquisition":[34],"(this":[35],"issue).":[36],"As":[37],"we":[38,215],"hope":[39],"show,":[41],"human":[43,92,541],"factors":[44,93,542],"discipline":[45],"can":[46,223,305,321,332],"benefit":[47],"greatly":[48],"from":[49,82,316],"such":[50,590],"an":[51,206,379,385,498],"open":[52],"process.":[53],"agree":[57,601],"many":[59],"issues,":[60],"which":[61,156,311,350,553],"is":[62,121,295,348,351,382,530,535,583],"comforting":[63],"us":[65],"as":[66,217],"researchers,":[67],"given":[68],"Maddox's":[69,483],"practical":[70],"experience":[71],"nuclear":[74],"industry.":[75],"The":[76,269,376,400],"remaining":[77],"disagreements":[78],"seem":[79],"arise":[81],"differences":[83],"terminology":[85],"perceived":[89],"role":[90],"systems":[95],"design.":[96],"address":[98],"former":[100],"issue":[101],"first":[102,604,614],"by":[103,133,384],"defining":[104],"several":[105],"concepts":[106],"that":[107,176,178,185,214,256,287,304,310,488,533,572,589],"are":[108,259],"part":[109,605],"foundation":[112],"work.":[115],"An":[116,345],"abstraction":[117,207,274,386,581,611],"hierarchy":[118,208,275,387,612],"(Rasmussen,":[119],"1979)":[120],"a":[122,129,134,218,240,446,460,478,585,617],"multilevel":[123],"representation":[124,145],"structure":[127],"work":[130],"domain":[131],"defined":[132,383],"means-ends":[135],"relation":[136],"between":[137,290,302],"levels.":[138],"In":[139],"process":[140,503,577],"control,":[141],"five":[142],"levels":[143,271,282],"have":[146],"been":[147],"found":[148,225],"be":[150,224,306,313,323,334,433,439],"use:":[152],"purposes":[154,255,428],"plant":[158,170,183,241,391],"was":[159,613],"designed":[160,352,593],"(functional":[161],"purpose),":[162],"mass":[164],"energy":[166,343],"topology":[167,179],"(abstract":[171],"function),":[172,181,190],"generic":[174],"functions":[175,188,253],"implement":[177],"(generalized":[180],"components":[184,199,238,258,267],"realize":[186],"those":[187,198,257,521],"(physical":[189,200],"spatial":[193],"location":[194],"appearance":[196],"form).":[201],"detailed":[203,447],"description":[204,448],"DURESS":[211,473],"II":[212],"system":[213,427,437],"used":[216,456],"testbed":[219],"research":[222],"Bisantz":[227],"&":[228,373,442],"Vicente":[229,372,441],"(1994).":[230],"Physical":[231,319],"information":[232,247,294,320,331,422,578],"describes":[233,248],"state":[235,250,549],"material":[237],"(e.g.,":[242,326,337,342],"pumps,":[243],"heaters,":[244],"valves).":[245],"Functional":[246],"or":[254,340],"intended":[260],"satisfy,":[262],"rather":[263],"than":[264],"themselves.":[268],"higher":[270],"contain":[276,283],"functional":[277,293,330,398],"information,":[278],"whereas":[279,411],"lower":[281],"physical":[284,291,396,421],"information.":[285,399],"Note":[286],"distinction":[289,301],"not":[296,416,524,531,584],"equivalent":[297],"implementation":[300],"data":[303],"sensed":[307,317,324,335],"directly":[308,325,336],"must":[312,431],"analytically":[314],"derived":[315,341],"data.":[318],"usually":[322],"valve":[327],"position),":[328],"but":[329],"either":[333],"flow":[338],"rate)":[339],"inventory).":[344],"ecological":[346,359,380,499,516],"interface":[347,360,381,404,414,469,500],"one":[349,491,587],"according":[353,579],"principles":[356,452],"design":[361,459],"(EID)":[362],"framework,":[363],"summarized":[364],"article":[367],"(for":[368],"more":[369],"details,":[370],"see":[371],"Rasmussen,":[374],"1992).":[375],"content":[377],"analysis":[388],"thus":[393],"includes":[394],"P":[401,413,466],"+":[402,467],"F":[403,468],"study":[407,493],"satisfies":[408],"criterion,":[410],"does":[415,511],"because":[417],"it":[418],"contains":[419],"only":[420],"status":[425],"(the":[429],"latter":[430],"also":[432],"included,":[434],"otherwise":[435],"cannot":[438],"controlled).":[440],"Rasmussen":[443],"(1990)":[444],"provided":[445],"how":[450],"EID":[454],"were":[455,592],"prescriptively":[457],"slightly":[461],"different":[462],"version":[463],"original":[472],"system.":[474],"These":[475],"definitions":[476],"invite":[477],"reinterpretation":[479],"two":[481],"statements.":[484],"First,":[485],"he":[486,509],"states":[487],"at":[489],"least":[490],"other":[492],"examined":[494],"operator":[495],"performance":[496],"with":[497,602],"control":[504],"domain.":[505],"Although":[506],"paper":[508],"cited":[510],"indeed":[512],"use":[513,557],"adjective":[515],"describe":[518],"its":[519],"displays,":[520],"displays":[522],"do":[523],"satisfy":[525],"aforementioned":[527],"definition.":[528],"It":[529],"surprising":[532],"there":[534],"confusion":[536],"point;":[539],"field":[543],"has":[544],"yet":[545],"reach":[547],"maturity":[551],"all":[554],"researchers":[555],"consistently":[556],"same":[559],"set":[560],"well-defined":[562],"terms,":[563],"regardless":[564],"theoretical":[566],"orientation.":[567],"Second,":[568],"points":[570],"out":[571],"idea":[574],"presenting":[576],"hierarchies":[582],"new":[586],"interfaces":[591],"after":[594],"Three":[596],"Mile":[597],"Island":[598],"accident.":[599],"claim;":[608],"Rasmussen's":[609],"(1979)":[610],"described":[615],"seminal":[618],"technical":[619],"report":[620],"published":[621],"17":[622],"years":[623],"ago.":[624],"\u2026":[625]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
