{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021178267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095778995616","title":"Effects of Instruction Type and Boredom Proneness in Vigilance: Implications for Boredom and Workload","display_name":"Effects of Instruction Type and Boredom Proneness in Vigilance: Implications for Boredom and Workload","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021178267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095778995616","mag":"2021178267","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8851777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872095778995616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095778995616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078015539","display_name":"David A. Sawin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Sawin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","Psychology Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048425676","display_name":"Mark W. Scerbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-3222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark W. Scerbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2508,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79010868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"752","last_page":"765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boredom","display_name":"Boredom","score":0.9579952955245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vigilance","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","score":0.8110124468803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7156864404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.5471559762954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.49924492835998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.4538702368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"Injury prevention","score":0.41551899909973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.39175790548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36963701248168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36258184909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32170218229293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.22523164749145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19459283351898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.18089497089385986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255","display_name":"Boredom","level":2,"score":0.9579952955245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8110124468803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7156864404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5471559762954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49924492835998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.4538702368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.41551899909973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.39175790548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36963701248168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36258184909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32170218229293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.22523164749145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19459283351898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.18089497089385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001887","descriptor_name":"Boredom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001887","descriptor_name":"Boredom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001887","descriptor_name":"Boredom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005222","descriptor_name":"Mental Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005222","descriptor_name":"Mental Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005222","descriptor_name":"Mental Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016288","descriptor_name":"Computer Terminals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016288","descriptor_name":"Computer Terminals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016288","descriptor_name":"Computer Terminals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872095778995616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095778995616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8851777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8851777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196830162","https://openalex.org/W1497408289","https://openalex.org/W1526547966","https://openalex.org/W1548156550","https://openalex.org/W1552363342","https://openalex.org/W1825288205","https://openalex.org/W1879300773","https://openalex.org/W1907557225","https://openalex.org/W1966600008","https://openalex.org/W1971371349","https://openalex.org/W1976352763","https://openalex.org/W1990698646","https://openalex.org/W1992690075","https://openalex.org/W1994296542","https://openalex.org/W2025791332","https://openalex.org/W2030077662","https://openalex.org/W2051183309","https://openalex.org/W2051890625","https://openalex.org/W2063936392","https://openalex.org/W2072589191","https://openalex.org/W2074455675","https://openalex.org/W2103233682","https://openalex.org/W2123774182","https://openalex.org/W2132231169","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2168656979","https://openalex.org/W2287468834","https://openalex.org/W2318873496","https://openalex.org/W2322858755","https://openalex.org/W2337468268","https://openalex.org/W2340459578","https://openalex.org/W2497966233","https://openalex.org/W2889553132","https://openalex.org/W2998120440","https://openalex.org/W3179634714","https://openalex.org/W4230129216","https://openalex.org/W4238793363","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300639489","https://openalex.org/W6772097871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075253895","https://openalex.org/W83710536","https://openalex.org/W2894846911","https://openalex.org/W2600819453","https://openalex.org/W2755145797","https://openalex.org/W2765353228","https://openalex.org/W3026439898","https://openalex.org/W2091719051","https://openalex.org/W2387441558","https://openalex.org/W297102775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"present":[1,107],"study":[2,108],"examined":[3],"the":[4,21,46,57,103,106,112,137],"effects":[5],"of":[6,80,151,156],"instruction":[7],"type":[8],"and":[9,17,25,30,56,77,83,98,119,134],"boredom":[10,118],"proneness":[11],"(BP)":[12],"on":[13,34],"vigilance":[14],"performance,":[15],"workload,":[16,81,132],"boredom.":[18,84,101],"Subjects":[19,73],"completed":[20],"Boredom":[22],"Proneness":[23],"Scale":[24],"were":[26,48,60],"assigned":[27],"to":[28,50,62,65,67,161],"high":[29],"low":[31],"groups":[32],"based":[33],"their":[35],"scores.":[36],"They":[37],"then":[38],"monitored":[39],"a":[40,152],"VDT":[41],"for":[42,90,111,136],"critical":[43],"signals.":[44],"Half":[45],"subjects":[47,59,94,97,125],"instructed":[49,61],"detect":[51],"\"critical\"":[52],"flickers":[53,69],"(detection":[54],"emphasis),":[55],"remaining":[58],"relax":[63],"but":[64],"respond":[66],"any":[68],"observed":[70,89],"(relaxation":[71],"emphasis).":[72],"also":[74],"provided":[75],"pre-":[76],"postvigil":[78],"ratings":[79],"stress,":[82],"A":[85],"performance":[86,120],"decrement":[87],"was":[88],"all":[91],"conditions.":[92],"Low-BP":[93],"outperformed":[95],"high-BP":[96],"reported":[99,130],"less":[100],"Thus":[102],"results":[104,146],"from":[105],"provide":[109],"evidence":[110],"long-sought,":[113],"elusive":[114],"link":[115],"between":[116],"trait":[117],"in":[121,149],"vigilance.":[122],"In":[123],"addition,":[124],"who":[126],"received":[127],"relaxation-emphasis":[128],"instructions":[129],"lower":[131],"frustration,":[133],"stress":[135,157],"vigil":[138],"than":[139],"did":[140],"those":[141],"receiving":[142],"detection-emphasis":[143],"instructions.":[144],"These":[145],"are":[147],"discussed":[148],"terms":[150],"recent":[153],"dynamic":[154],"model":[155],"as":[158],"it":[159],"relates":[160],"sustained":[162],"attention.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}