{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098461493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872007x197008","title":"Effects of Air Traffic Geometry on Pilots' Conflict Detection With Cockpit Display of Traffic Information","display_name":"Effects of Air Traffic Geometry on Pilots' Conflict Detection With Cockpit Display of Traffic Information","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098461493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872007x197008","mag":"2098461493","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17552303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872007x197008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872007x197008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102306322","display_name":"Xidong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xidong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois,","University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081187881","display_name":"Esa M. Rantanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9666-4458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esa M. Rantanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102306322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88942041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"3","first_page":"358","last_page":"375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cockpit","display_name":"Cockpit","score":0.777764081954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"Air traffic control","score":0.6786984801292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5162384510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.48852384090423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4400429427623749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3912024199962616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.3633999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18839603662490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15831652283668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09887704253196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09210634231567383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30322324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194156","display_name":"Cockpit","level":2,"score":0.777764081954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.6786984801292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5162384510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48852384090423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4400429427623749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3912024199962616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3633999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18839603662490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15831652283668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09887704253196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09210634231567383}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000060","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000060","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000060","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872007x197008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872007x197008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17552303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17552303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576422931","https://openalex.org/W866891073","https://openalex.org/W1481284864","https://openalex.org/W1493414683","https://openalex.org/W1511316972","https://openalex.org/W1591287552","https://openalex.org/W1599468570","https://openalex.org/W1967487948","https://openalex.org/W1975284817","https://openalex.org/W1977875867","https://openalex.org/W1980128775","https://openalex.org/W1980452183","https://openalex.org/W1992087275","https://openalex.org/W2000505278","https://openalex.org/W2009825391","https://openalex.org/W2011567433","https://openalex.org/W2021957269","https://openalex.org/W2029108063","https://openalex.org/W2029761489","https://openalex.org/W2030600294","https://openalex.org/W2046411892","https://openalex.org/W2051185986","https://openalex.org/W2051289007","https://openalex.org/W2057520474","https://openalex.org/W2061339789","https://openalex.org/W2062479418","https://openalex.org/W2068467295","https://openalex.org/W2078289925","https://openalex.org/W2080384517","https://openalex.org/W2085175893","https://openalex.org/W2098967704","https://openalex.org/W2114028391","https://openalex.org/W2115218557","https://openalex.org/W2133776541","https://openalex.org/W2165322376","https://openalex.org/W2477015046","https://openalex.org/W2543680447","https://openalex.org/W2547143862","https://openalex.org/W2590661260","https://openalex.org/W2950635880","https://openalex.org/W3083781474","https://openalex.org/W4247085390","https://openalex.org/W6720672117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W289003589","https://openalex.org/W2350798740","https://openalex.org/W2036761630","https://openalex.org/W2114831027","https://openalex.org/W2998452958","https://openalex.org/W3180504149","https://openalex.org/W2548061885","https://openalex.org/W2088756080","https://openalex.org/W209562587","https://openalex.org/W2291564830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"experiment":[2],"attempted":[3],"to":[4,77,123,135,140,166,169,204,216,226,252],"identify":[5],"the":[6,15,47,71,96,150,176,247],"features":[7,42],"of":[8,19,27,40,80,158,239],"air":[9],"traffic":[10,28],"geometry":[11],"that":[12,186],"would":[13],"influence":[14],"difficulty":[16,67],"and":[17,59,75,91,100,121,137,142,178,191,207,229,242],"biases":[18],"pilots'":[20],"conflict":[21,44,92,156,220],"detection":[22,45,221],"using":[23,46],"a":[24,64,155,164,182,210],"cockpit":[25],"display":[26],"information":[29],"(CDTI).":[30],"BACKGROUND:":[31],"There":[32],"was":[33,68,163,174,181,224],"previously":[34],"no":[35],"systematic":[36],"study":[37],"on":[38,43,63,106],"effects":[39],"such":[41,185],"CDTI.":[48],"METHOD:":[49],"Twenty-four":[50],"pilots":[51],"viewed":[52],"dynamic":[53],"encounters":[54],"between":[55],"their":[56],"own":[57],"aircraft":[58,62,188],"an":[60],"intruder":[61,72],"simulated":[65],"CDTI;":[66],"varied":[69],"by":[70],"aircraft's":[73],"distance":[74,86,115],"time":[76,102,122,215],"closest":[78],"point":[79],"approach":[81,89],"(CPA),":[82],"relative":[83],"speed,":[84],"miss":[85,114,145],"at":[87,116,119,147,154,209],"CPA,":[88,117,120,136],"side,":[90],"angle.":[93],"Participants":[94],"estimated":[95],"intruder's":[97,113],"location":[98],"at,":[99],"its":[101],"to,":[103],"CPA.":[104,124,217],"Effects":[105],"three":[107],"estimation":[108],"error":[109],"measures":[110],"were":[111,194,202],"explored:":[112],"orientation":[118],"RESULTS:":[125],"(a)":[126],"Estimation":[127],"errors":[128,228],"increased":[129],"with":[130,143,222],"slower":[131,211],"speeds,":[132],"longer":[133,138,144],"times":[134],"distances":[139,146],"CPA":[141],"CPA;":[148],"(b)":[149],"best":[151],"performance":[152,256],"occurred":[153],"angle":[157],"90":[159],"degrees;":[160],"(c)":[161],"there":[162,180],"bias":[165],"judge":[167],"conflicts":[168],"be":[170],"more":[171],"risky":[172,198],"than":[173,199],"actually":[175],"case;":[177],"(d)":[179],"\"distance-over-speed\"":[183],"bias,":[184],"two":[187],"farther":[189],"apart":[190],"converging":[192,208],"rapidly":[193],"perceived":[195],"as":[196],"less":[197],"when":[200],"they":[201],"closer":[203],"each":[205],"other":[206],"rate,":[212],"despite":[213],"identical":[214],"CONCLUSION:":[218],"Pilots'":[219],"CDTI":[223],"subject":[225],"various":[227],"biases,":[230],"which":[231],"has":[232],"important":[233],"safety":[234],"implications.":[235],"APPLICATION:":[236],"The":[237],"design":[238],"procedures,":[240],"displays,":[241],"decision":[243],"support":[244],"tools":[245],"for":[246],"free":[248],"flight":[249],"environment":[250],"needs":[251],"take":[253],"these":[254],"human":[255],"limitations":[257],"into":[258],"account.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}