{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088932982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024497015","title":"Variable-Resolution Displays: A Theoretical, Practical, and Behavioral Evaluation","display_name":"Variable-Resolution Displays: A Theoretical, Practical, and Behavioral Evaluation","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088932982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024497015","mag":"2088932982","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12691369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720024497015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024497015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072802249","display_name":"Derrick Parkhurst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick J. Parkhurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016761623","display_name":"Ernst Niebur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-9262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst Niebur","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90141901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"611","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.7626019716262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6885619163513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5924602746963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.5486999154090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5260555744171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4945349395275116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4738272428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-resolution","display_name":"Display resolution","score":0.4660542905330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43685007095336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4316169321537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4305831491947174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4032432436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.279266893863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1610192060470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1422295868396759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7626019716262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6885619163513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5924602746963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.5486999154090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5260555744171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4945349395275116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4738272428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71597744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12538706","display_name":"Display resolution","level":3,"score":0.4660542905330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43685007095336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4316169321537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4305831491947174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4032432436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.279266893863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1610192060470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1422295868396759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011601","descriptor_name":"Psychophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011601","descriptor_name":"Psychophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011601","descriptor_name":"Psychophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720024497015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024497015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12691369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12691369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30403497","https://openalex.org/W123399154","https://openalex.org/W586797431","https://openalex.org/W605259330","https://openalex.org/W1554565390","https://openalex.org/W1565503925","https://openalex.org/W1580411217","https://openalex.org/W1594137135","https://openalex.org/W1615231525","https://openalex.org/W1622427076","https://openalex.org/W1677489248","https://openalex.org/W1707366213","https://openalex.org/W1843038300","https://openalex.org/W1963693586","https://openalex.org/W1963715532","https://openalex.org/W1969258103","https://openalex.org/W1971521299","https://openalex.org/W1972150954","https://openalex.org/W1976359074","https://openalex.org/W1991547393","https://openalex.org/W1997379496","https://openalex.org/W2002743335","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2018604504","https://openalex.org/W2022367525","https://openalex.org/W2030018079","https://openalex.org/W2031613707","https://openalex.org/W2044785485","https://openalex.org/W2048617082","https://openalex.org/W2051398121","https://openalex.org/W2053322252","https://openalex.org/W2054758774","https://openalex.org/W2060297630","https://openalex.org/W2069291288","https://openalex.org/W2070129634","https://openalex.org/W2084438519","https://openalex.org/W2086489576","https://openalex.org/W2089387167","https://openalex.org/W2090526695","https://openalex.org/W2091455083","https://openalex.org/W2092409509","https://openalex.org/W2092785577","https://openalex.org/W2096391334","https://openalex.org/W2117686553","https://openalex.org/W2121367920","https://openalex.org/W2122896223","https://openalex.org/W2124981330","https://openalex.org/W2125425309","https://openalex.org/W2126426685","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2132178624","https://openalex.org/W2137353285","https://openalex.org/W2144366379","https://openalex.org/W2145480108","https://openalex.org/W2149384160","https://openalex.org/W2158058159","https://openalex.org/W2159165826","https://openalex.org/W2161898725","https://openalex.org/W2165727307","https://openalex.org/W2170379149","https://openalex.org/W2304069303","https://openalex.org/W2525440182","https://openalex.org/W2542972410","https://openalex.org/W2987369525","https://openalex.org/W4247346575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385108104","https://openalex.org/W1999328396","https://openalex.org/W1589443630","https://openalex.org/W2183271128","https://openalex.org/W1585794270","https://openalex.org/W3033353262","https://openalex.org/W1561602432","https://openalex.org/W2113986142","https://openalex.org/W2395511366","https://openalex.org/W2148725491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variable-resolution":[0],"display":[1,8,81,118],"techniques":[2,119],"present":[3],"visual":[4,35],"information":[5],"in":[6,88],"a":[7,78,121],"using":[9],"more":[10],"than":[11],"one":[12],"resolution.":[13],"For":[14],"example,":[15],"gaze-contingent":[16],"variable-resolution":[17,67,80,117],"displays":[18,44,68],"allocate":[19],"computational":[20,49,75,96],"resources":[21,50],"for":[22,77,116],"image":[23,112],"generation":[24],"preferentially":[25],"to":[26,37,90],"the":[27,30,40,46],"area":[28],"around":[29],"center":[31],"of":[32,48,66,74],"gaze,":[33],"where":[34],"sensitivity":[36],"detail":[38],"is":[39,82,125],"greatest.":[41],"Using":[42],"such":[43,98,109],"reduces":[45],"amount":[47],"required":[51],"as":[52,99,110,120],"compared":[53],"with":[54],"traditional":[55],"uniform-resolution":[56],"displays.":[57],"The":[58,84,114],"theoretical":[59],"benefits,":[60],"implementational":[61],"issues,":[62],"and":[63,102],"behavioral":[64],"consequences":[65],"are":[69,86,93,105],"reviewed.":[70],"A":[71],"mathematical":[72],"analysis":[73],"efficiency":[76],"two-region":[79],"conducted.":[83],"results":[85],"discussed":[87],"relation":[89],"applications":[91,103],"that":[92,104],"limited":[94,106],"by":[95,107],"resources,":[97],"virtual":[100],"reality,":[101],"bandwidth,":[108],"internet":[111],"transmission.":[113],"potential":[115],"viable":[122],"future":[123],"technology":[124],"discussed.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
