{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149505690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024496935","title":"Decisions, Decisions: Analysis of Age, Cohort, and Time of Testing on Framing of Risky Decision Options","display_name":"Decisions, Decisions: Analysis of Age, Cohort, and Time of Testing on Framing of Risky Decision Options","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149505690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024496935","mag":"2149505690","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12691361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720024496935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024496935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003413075","display_name":"Christopher B. Mayhorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-9042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher B. Mayhorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108445536","display_name":"Arthur D. Fisk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur D. Fisk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001320537","display_name":"Justin D. Whittle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320351128","display_name":"Delta Air Lines (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9c1e75","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320351128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin D. Whittle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delta Technologies, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delta Technologies, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320351128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81936416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"515","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11573","display_name":"Risk Perception and Management","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.8514416217803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing-effect","display_name":"Framing effect","score":0.8234005570411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.531173050403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5203749537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3485838770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1557658612728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10229933261871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09179136157035828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.8514416217803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136714292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440683","display_name":"Framing effect","level":3,"score":0.8234005570411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.531173050403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5203749537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3485838770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1557658612728119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10229933261871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09179136157035828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781310500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231428","display_name":"Persuasion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002755","descriptor_name":"Choice Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012309","descriptor_name":"Risk-Taking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720024496935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024496935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12691361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12691361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5744969238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01 AG17211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6114615455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AG18177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616082193","https://openalex.org/W620894932","https://openalex.org/W1462873287","https://openalex.org/W1687400773","https://openalex.org/W1793734229","https://openalex.org/W1914703486","https://openalex.org/W1969481895","https://openalex.org/W1986646649","https://openalex.org/W1998740918","https://openalex.org/W2013022164","https://openalex.org/W2051157699","https://openalex.org/W2073609012","https://openalex.org/W2096452841","https://openalex.org/W2134365085","https://openalex.org/W2141229480","https://openalex.org/W2164829863","https://openalex.org/W2904706706","https://openalex.org/W4237706592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1982290744","https://openalex.org/W2021163894","https://openalex.org/W2764059427","https://openalex.org/W2614102867","https://openalex.org/W3164847636","https://openalex.org/W2144803999","https://openalex.org/W2790968293","https://openalex.org/W3115315872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decision":[0],"making":[1],"in":[2,40,147],"uncertain":[3],"environments":[4],"is":[5,23],"a":[6,24,148],"daily":[7],"challenge":[8],"faced":[9],"by":[10,43,116],"adults":[11,61,96],"of":[12,27,57,83,97,119,128,134,142,144,150],"all":[13,98,145],"ages.":[14],"Framing":[15],"decision":[16,86,160],"options":[17],"as":[18,154],"either":[19],"gains":[20],"or":[21,125],"losses":[22],"common":[25],"method":[26],"altering":[28],"decision-making":[29,37,140],"behavior.":[30],"In":[31],"the":[32,41,75,78,81,139],"experiment":[33],"reported":[34],"here,":[35],"benchmark":[36,76],"data":[38,52],"collected":[39,53],"1970s":[42],"Tversky":[44],"and":[45,59,77,121,158],"Kahneman":[46],"(1981,":[47],"1988)":[48],"were":[49],"compared":[50],"with":[51],"from":[54],"current":[55],"samples":[56],"young":[58],"older":[60],"to":[62,102],"determine":[63],"whether":[64],"behavior":[65,87,141],"was":[66,88],"consistent":[67],"across":[68],"time.":[69],"Although":[70],"differences":[71,111],"did":[72],"emerge":[73],"between":[74],"present":[79,92],"samples,":[80],"effect":[82],"framing":[84,103,136],"on":[85],"relatively":[89],"stable.":[90],"The":[91],"findings":[93],"suggest":[94],"that":[95,108],"ages":[99,146],"are":[100],"susceptible":[101],"effects.":[104,123],"Results":[105],"also":[106],"indicated":[107],"apparent":[109],"age":[110],"might":[112,137],"be":[113],"better":[114],"explained":[115],"an":[117,132],"analysis":[118],"cohort":[120],"time-of-testing":[122],"Actual":[124],"potential":[126],"applications":[127],"this":[129],"research":[130],"include":[131],"understanding":[133],"how":[135],"influence":[138],"people":[143],"number":[149],"applied":[151],"contexts,":[152],"such":[153],"product":[155],"warning":[156],"interactions":[157],"medical":[159],"scenarios.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}