{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123668258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024494810","title":"The Perceived Urgency of Speech Warnings: Semantics versus Acoustics","display_name":"The Perceived Urgency of Speech Warnings: Semantics versus Acoustics","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123668258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024494810","mag":"2123668258","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12118864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720024494810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024494810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062676434","display_name":"Elizabeth Hellier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Hellier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom","Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026999435","display_name":"Judy Edworthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judy Edworthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001171345","display_name":"Ben Weedon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Weedon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086769217","display_name":"Kathryn Walters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-6738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Walters","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102487241","display_name":"Austin Adams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","University of New South wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94810346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.954800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6372063159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.618964433670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5959597229957581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5778152942657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5548012256622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4916711449623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.47577157616615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotone-polygon","display_name":"Monotone polygon","score":0.4700640141963959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.45757341384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.39608779549598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39476704597473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3505920469760895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3309592604637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17543086409568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10742759704589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.07135885953903198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6372063159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.618964433670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5959597229957581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5778152942657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5548012256622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4916711449623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.47577157616615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2834757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4925424","display_name":"Monotone polygon","level":2,"score":0.4700640141963959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.45757341384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39608779549598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39476704597473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3505920469760895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3309592604637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17543086409568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10742759704589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.07135885953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004630","descriptor_name":"Emergencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004630","descriptor_name":"Emergencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004630","descriptor_name":"Emergencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720024494810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720024494810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12118864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12118864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569628863","https://openalex.org/W1497286318","https://openalex.org/W1966185390","https://openalex.org/W1971362524","https://openalex.org/W1973378890","https://openalex.org/W1983720282","https://openalex.org/W2000517840","https://openalex.org/W2003547693","https://openalex.org/W2003723187","https://openalex.org/W2007798022","https://openalex.org/W2019540503","https://openalex.org/W2036621775","https://openalex.org/W2038588582","https://openalex.org/W2047388850","https://openalex.org/W2050973981","https://openalex.org/W2057271074","https://openalex.org/W2074032036","https://openalex.org/W2083974562","https://openalex.org/W2093534696","https://openalex.org/W2104166306","https://openalex.org/W2118789253","https://openalex.org/W2137749308","https://openalex.org/W2889049534","https://openalex.org/W4213339480","https://openalex.org/W4232130578","https://openalex.org/W4239519933","https://openalex.org/W4241339470","https://openalex.org/W4245744384","https://openalex.org/W4245787936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356229341","https://openalex.org/W2963936214","https://openalex.org/W4301895170","https://openalex.org/W2610026222","https://openalex.org/W2349768204","https://openalex.org/W2784024314","https://openalex.org/W1970485118","https://openalex.org/W4249252985","https://openalex.org/W4313326281","https://openalex.org/W4297415344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91],"relationship":[1],"between":[2],"the":[3,8,11,33,36,52,69,100,114,118,141],"semantics":[4,129],"of":[5,10,35,46,83,145],"words":[6,22,54,85,93,115],"and":[7,27,30,44,65,88,143],"acoustics":[9],"way":[12],"they":[13],"are":[14],"spoken":[15,56],"is":[16,130,155],"explored.":[17],"Actors":[18],"spoke":[19],"warning":[20,147],"signal":[21,42,84,123],"in":[23,86,133,151],"an":[24],"urgent,":[25],"nonurgent":[26,70,89,101],"monotone":[28,72],"style,":[29],"participants":[31],"rated":[32,95],"urgency":[34,134,153],"words.":[37,73],"Results":[38],"showed":[39,50],"effects":[40,121],"for":[41,122,140],"word":[43,124],"style":[45,113],"presentation.":[47],"Acoustic":[48],"analysis":[49],"that":[51,128],"urgent":[53,87,92,98],"were":[55,66,77,94,116,125],"at":[57],"higher":[58],"frequency":[59],"with":[60],"a":[61,103],"broader":[62],"pitch":[63],"range":[64],"louder":[67],"than":[68,99],"or":[71],"These":[74],"acoustic":[75],"differences":[76],"used":[78],"to":[79,106],"synthesize":[80],"artificial":[81],"versions":[82],"formats.":[90],"as":[96],"more":[97],"words,":[102],"finding":[104],"attributable":[105],"their":[107],"differing":[108],"acoustics.":[109],"Within":[110],"each":[111],"speaking":[112],"acoustically":[117],"same,":[119],"yet":[120],"found,":[126],"suggesting":[127],"also":[131],"important":[132],"perception.":[135],"This":[136],"research":[137],"has":[138],"implications":[139],"design":[142],"implementation":[144],"speech":[146],"systems,":[148],"particularly":[149],"those":[150],"which":[152],"mapping":[154],"required.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}