{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131118809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775992499","title":"Effects of Hearing Protectors on Auditory Localization in Azimuth and Elevation","display_name":"Effects of Hearing Protectors on Auditory Localization in Azimuth and Elevation","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131118809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775992499","mag":"2131118809","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11474758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872001775992499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775992499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046395470","display_name":"Robert S. Bolia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-5772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Bolia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7022, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7022, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043548792","display_name":"William R. D\u2019Angelo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. D'Angelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021497029","display_name":"Pamela J. Mishler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131414","display_name":"Dayton VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjk6p58","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210127612","https://openalex.org/I4210131414"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela J. Mishler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131414"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017916682","display_name":"Linda J. Morris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda J. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wright--Patterson Air Force Base Medical Center, Wright--Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright--Patterson Air Force Base Medical Center, Wright--Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046395470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56563793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"122","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.9083313345909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7194300293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.5890583395957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.578930139541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5350184440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudspeaker","display_name":"Loudspeaker","score":0.5293598771095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4538489580154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.42422935366630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4095406234264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33751416206359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3343266248703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24590608477592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22801849246025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20187360048294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.201457679271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15648669004440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1060570776462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0813572108745575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.9083313345909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7194300293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5890583395957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.578930139541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5350184440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.5293598771095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4538489580154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.42422935366630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4095406234264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33751416206359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3343266248703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24590608477592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22801849246025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20187360048294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.201457679271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15648669004440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1060570776462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0813572108745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004430","descriptor_name":"Ear Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004430","descriptor_name":"Ear Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004430","descriptor_name":"Ear Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011571","descriptor_name":"Psychoacoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011571","descriptor_name":"Psychoacoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011571","descriptor_name":"Psychoacoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013017","descriptor_name":"Sound Localization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872001775992499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775992499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11474758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11474758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1460401339","https://openalex.org/W1489347216","https://openalex.org/W1848940529","https://openalex.org/W1965404309","https://openalex.org/W1975600668","https://openalex.org/W1997110426","https://openalex.org/W2005356198","https://openalex.org/W2008202171","https://openalex.org/W2014171801","https://openalex.org/W2024400593","https://openalex.org/W2028857061","https://openalex.org/W2032359941","https://openalex.org/W2057193600","https://openalex.org/W2064251680","https://openalex.org/W2072155421","https://openalex.org/W2078089693","https://openalex.org/W2092570966","https://openalex.org/W2150011182","https://openalex.org/W2165507463","https://openalex.org/W2411131064","https://openalex.org/W2416928988","https://openalex.org/W4298846595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727082802","https://openalex.org/W2348542094","https://openalex.org/W2072356891","https://openalex.org/W2097842859","https://openalex.org/W2964887166","https://openalex.org/W2081270133","https://openalex.org/W2089165520","https://openalex.org/W2773932882","https://openalex.org/W4312732818","https://openalex.org/W2165157405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"experiment":[1],"was":[2,83],"conducted":[3],"to":[4,33,42,85],"determine":[5],"the":[6,48,54,57,67,80,93,101],"effects":[7],"of":[8,11,50,56,69,79,92,103],"two":[9],"types":[10],"hearing":[12,51,108],"protectors":[13,109],"on":[14,77],"auditory":[15],"localization":[16],"performance.":[17],"Six":[18],"listeners":[19],"localized":[20],"a":[21,73],"750-ms":[22],"broadband":[23],"noise":[24],"from":[25,30,39],"loudspeakers":[26],"ranging":[27],"in":[28,37,72],"azimuth":[29,62],"-180":[31],"degrees":[32,35,41],"+180":[34],"and":[36,53,66,110],"elevation":[38,55,64],"-75":[40],"+90":[43],"degrees.":[44],"Independent":[45],"variables":[46],"included":[47,61],"type":[49],"protector":[52],"source.":[58],"Dependent":[59],"measures":[60,82],"error,":[63,65],"percentage":[68],"trials":[70],"resulting":[71],"front-back":[74],"confusion.":[75],"Performance":[76],"each":[78],"dependent":[81],"found":[84],"be":[86],"mediated":[87],"by":[88],"one":[89],"or":[90,97],"more":[91],"independent":[94],"variables.":[95],"Actual":[96],"potential":[98],"applications":[99],"include":[100],"generation":[102],"improved":[104],"design":[105],"guidelines":[106],"for":[107],"workplace":[111],"alarms.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}