{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133577564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775900841","title":"Pathway HUDs: Are They Viable?","display_name":"Pathway HUDs: Are They Viable?","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133577564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775900841","mag":"2133577564","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11592660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872001775900841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775900841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001068132","display_name":"Steven Fadden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Fadden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, American Fork, Utah","Intel Corporation, American Fork, Utah, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, American Fork, Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, American Fork, Utah, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071580169","display_name":"Patricia May Ververs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia May Ververs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell Technology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045650405","display_name":"Christopher D. Wickens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-4446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Wickens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001068132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96101309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"173","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-up-display","display_name":"Head-up display","score":0.7483025193214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7298921942710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.6339021921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5443576574325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5240359902381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4467681348323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3313523530960083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67439701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518461","display_name":"Head-up display","level":2,"score":0.7483025193214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7298921942710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6339021921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5443576574325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5240359902381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4467681348323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3313523530960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001359","descriptor_name":"Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001359","descriptor_name":"Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001359","descriptor_name":"Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001359","descriptor_name":"Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001359","descriptor_name":"Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001359","descriptor_name":"Aviation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018561","descriptor_name":"Space Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018561","descriptor_name":"Space Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018561","descriptor_name":"Space Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/001872001775900841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775900841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11592660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11592660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332374","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332390","display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05q0y0j38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73296450","https://openalex.org/W198180198","https://openalex.org/W289401933","https://openalex.org/W1484629987","https://openalex.org/W1493838012","https://openalex.org/W1580226432","https://openalex.org/W1600421847","https://openalex.org/W1980845545","https://openalex.org/W2025454975","https://openalex.org/W2027136107","https://openalex.org/W2044793658","https://openalex.org/W2045919936","https://openalex.org/W2051217326","https://openalex.org/W2055044151","https://openalex.org/W2066455754","https://openalex.org/W2069634030","https://openalex.org/W2071131398","https://openalex.org/W2091069514","https://openalex.org/W2101036813","https://openalex.org/W2101765230","https://openalex.org/W2105729137","https://openalex.org/W2129022949","https://openalex.org/W2132077084","https://openalex.org/W2135658906","https://openalex.org/W2140047584","https://openalex.org/W2140446269","https://openalex.org/W2247913951","https://openalex.org/W2564342797","https://openalex.org/W2794995634","https://openalex.org/W4242173809","https://openalex.org/W4256003687","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097188626","https://openalex.org/W2161277634","https://openalex.org/W1715566651","https://openalex.org/W2244481290","https://openalex.org/W2974842541","https://openalex.org/W2250092460","https://openalex.org/W2955508112","https://openalex.org/W4232725319","https://openalex.org/W4238760542","https://openalex.org/W2359796008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,18],"describe":[1],"two":[2],"experiments":[3,142],"that":[4,73,161],"examine":[5],"3D":[6,43,189],"pathway":[7,44,78,91,162,190],"displays":[8],"in":[9,26,95,106,116,192],"a":[10,51,96,99,122,188,193],"head-up":[11,45,97,194],"location":[12],"for":[13,113,125,129],"aircraft":[14],"landing":[15],"and":[16,23,29,36,128,150,156,170,184],"taxi.":[17],"address":[19],"both":[20,107,141],"guidance":[21,103],"performance":[22],"pilot":[24],"strategies":[25],"dividing,":[27],"focusing,":[28],"allocating":[30],"attention":[31,155],"between":[32],"flight":[33],"path":[34],"information":[35],"event":[37,67,126],"monitoring.":[38],"In":[39,87],"Experiment":[40,88],"1":[41],"the":[42,77,81,90,117,136,146,159,165,182],"display":[46,92,191],"(HUD)":[47],"was":[48,57,71,93,104,119],"compared":[49,94],"with":[50,63],"conventional":[52],"2D":[53],"HUD.":[54],"The":[55,138],"former":[56],"found":[58],"to":[59,66,158],"produce":[60],"better":[61],"guidance,":[62],"few":[64],"costs":[65,183],"detection.":[68],"Some":[69],"evidence":[70],"provided":[72],"attentional":[74],"tunneling":[75],"of":[76,83,140,148,153,168,186],"HUD":[79,111,123],"inhibits":[80],"detection":[82,127],"unexpected":[84],"traffic":[85],"events.":[86],"2,":[89],"versus":[98],"head-down":[100],"location.":[101,195],"Excellent":[102],"achieved":[105],"locations.":[108],"A":[109],"slight":[110],"cost":[112],"vertical":[114],"tracking":[115,131],"air":[118],"offset":[120],"by":[121],"benefit":[124],"lateral":[130],"during":[132,173],"taxi":[133],"(i.e.,":[134],"on":[135],"ground).":[137],"results":[139],"are":[143],"interpreted":[144],"within":[145],"framework":[147],"object-":[149],"space-based":[151],"theories":[152],"visual":[154],"point":[157],"conclusion":[160],"HUDs":[163],"combine":[164],"independent":[166],"advantages":[167],"pathways":[169],"HUDs,":[171],"particularly":[172],"ground":[174],"operations.":[175],"Actual":[176],"or":[177],"potential":[178],"applications":[179],"include":[180],"understanding":[181],"benefits":[185],"positioning":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}