{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6962129330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15167/toxiri-stefano_phd2018-02-08","title":"An active back-support exoskeleton to reduce spinal loads: actuation and control strategies","display_name":"An active back-support exoskeleton to reduce spinal loads: actuation and control strategies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6962129330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15167/toxiri-stefano_phd2018-02-08"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/930175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"TOXIRI, STEFANO","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"TOXIRI, STEFANO","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.9178000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4041999876499176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.9178000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170401851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965061","display_name":"Pneumatic actuator","level":3,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45391945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938523","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/930175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"doi:10.15167/toxiri-stefano_phd2018-02-08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15167/toxiri-stefano_phd2018-02-08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050993","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/930175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/930175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6962129330.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6962129330.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wearable":[0],"exoskeletons":[1,61,245,334],"promise":[2],"to":[3,25,62,69,73,96,126,131,144,148,186,210,226,233,250,252,257,296,323],"make":[4,187],"an":[5,140,268],"impact":[6],"on":[7,110,286,375,382,389],"many":[8],"people":[9],"by":[10,43,200,216,273,305,328,343],"substituting":[11],"or":[12],"complementing":[13],"human":[14],"capabilities.":[15],"There":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"increasing":[19],"interest":[20,40],"in":[21,117,195,237,247,290,335,370],"using":[22],"these":[23],"devices":[24,377],"reduce":[26,63],"the":[27,31,64,98,146,156,164,169,191,196,217,238,274,298,301,307,325,329,336,353,360,363,383],"physical":[28,65,347],"loads":[29,66],"and":[30,80,90,105,116,167,171,221,229,256,282,320,378,392],"risk":[32],"of":[33,48,59,100,136,152,159,190,243,300,309,317,333,341,345,359],"musculoskeletal":[34],"disorders":[35],"for":[36,179,262,362],"industrial":[37],"workers.":[38],"The":[39,57,120,162,176,240,313,331,349,366],"is":[41,67,82,123,142,184,271,338],"reflected":[42],"a":[44,127,149,180,357],"rapidly":[45],"expanding":[46],"landscape":[47],"research":[49,121],"prototypes":[50],"as":[51,53,214,386,388],"well":[52,387],"commercially":[54],"available":[55],"solutions.":[56],"potential":[58,249],"active":[60,101,160,244,302],"considered":[68,232],"be":[70],"greater":[71,163],"compared":[72],"passive":[74],"ones,":[75],"but":[76],"their":[77,111,248,346],"present":[78],"use":[79,189,315],"diffusion":[81],"still":[83],"limited.":[84],"This":[85,208,293],"thesis":[86,294,350],"aims":[87],"at":[88],"exploring":[89,306],"addressing":[91],"two":[92],"key":[93],"technological":[94],"challenges":[95],"advance":[97],"development":[99,385],"exoskeletons,":[102],"namely":[103],"actuators":[104,174],"control":[106],"strategies,":[107],"with":[108,356,372],"focus":[109],"adoption":[112,332],"outside":[113],"laboratory":[114],"settings":[115],"real-life":[118],"applications.":[119,153],"work":[122,381],"specifically":[124],"applied":[125],"back-support":[128,303],"exoskeleton":[129,304],"designed":[130],"assist":[132],"repeated":[133],"manual":[134],"handling":[135],"heavy":[137],"objects.":[138],"However,":[139],"attempt":[141],"made":[143],"generalise":[145],"findings":[147,368],"broader":[150],"range":[151,194],"Actuators":[154],"are":[155,224,230,369],"defining":[157],"component":[158],"exoskeletons.":[161],"required":[165],"forces":[166,326],"performance,":[168],"heavier":[170],"more":[172,390],"expensive":[173],"become.":[175],"design":[177],"rationale":[178],"parallel-elastic":[181],"actuator":[182],"(PEA)":[183],"proposed":[185,218],"better":[188],"motor":[192],"operating":[193],"target":[197],"task,":[198],"characterized":[199],"asymmetrical":[201],"torque":[202],"requirements":[203],"(i.e.":[204],"large":[205],"static":[206],"loads).":[207],"leads":[209],"improved":[211],"dynamic":[212],"performance":[213],"captured":[215],"simplified":[219],"model":[220],"measures,":[222],"which":[223],"associated":[225],"user":[227,235,287,318],"comfort":[228],"thus":[231,351],"promote":[234],"acceptance":[236],"workplace.":[239],"superior":[241],"versatility":[242,299],"lies":[246],"adapt":[251],"varying":[253],"task":[254],"conditions":[255],"implement":[258],"different":[259,263,310],"assistive":[260,311],"strategies":[261,314],"tasks.":[264],"In":[265],"this":[266],"respect,":[267],"open":[269],"challenge":[270],"represented":[272],"compromise":[275],"between":[276],"minimally":[277],"obtrusive,":[278],"cost-effective":[279],"hardware":[280],"interfaces":[281],"extracting":[283],"meaningful":[284],"information":[285],"intent":[288],"resulting":[289],"intuitive":[291],"use.":[292],"attempts":[295],"exploit":[297],"implementation":[308],"strategies.":[312],"combinations":[316],"posture":[319],"muscular":[321],"activity":[322],"modulate":[324],"generated":[327],"exoskeleton.":[330],"workplace":[337],"encouraged":[339],"first":[340],"all":[342],"evidence":[344],"effectiveness.":[348],"complements":[352],"core":[354],"contributions":[355],"description":[358],"methods":[361],"biomechanical":[364],"validation.":[365,394],"preliminary":[367],"line":[371],"previous":[373],"literature":[374],"comparable":[376],"encourage":[379],"further":[380],"technical":[384],"accurate":[391],"specific":[393]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}