{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6905430604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15167/rizik-ali_phd2022-02-24","title":"Development of a Cost-Efficient Multi-Target Classification System Based on FMCW Radar for Security Gate Monitoring","display_name":"Development of a Cost-Efficient Multi-Target Classification System Based on FMCW Radar for Security Gate Monitoring","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6905430604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15167/rizik-ali_phd2022-02-24"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1069544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1069544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1069544","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"RIZIK, ALI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-3161"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"RIZIK, ALI","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-3161","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48096121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.22540000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.22540000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.12960000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6887999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-portable-radar","display_name":"Man-portable radar","score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-lock-on","display_name":"Radar lock-on","score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-control-radar","display_name":"Fire-control radar","score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-configurations-and-types","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","score":0.35530000925064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6887999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion detection","level":3,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64183698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4530886","display_name":"Electromagnetic environment","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143425610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509293","display_name":"Air traffic control radar beacon system","level":5,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114445506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196868","display_name":"Secondary surveillance radar","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1069544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1069544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"doi:10.15167/rizik-ali_phd2022-02-24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15167/rizik-ali_phd2022-02-24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050993","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1069544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1069544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200108528137207,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar":[0,59],"systems":[1,15,25],"have":[2,26],"a":[3,128,132,149,173,193,255,261,285],"long":[4],"history.":[5],"Like":[6],"many":[7],"other":[8],"great":[9],"inventions,":[10],"the":[11,21,218,221,226,240,268,273],"origin":[12],"of":[13,50,127,141,159,200,220,247,282],"radar":[14,24,120,129],"lies":[16],"in":[17,20,31,52,86,210,297,327],"warfare.":[18],"Only":[19],"last":[22],"decade,":[23],"found":[27],"widespread":[28],"civil":[29],"use":[30],"industrial":[32],"measurement":[33],"scenarios":[34],"and":[35,67,73,104,107,123,139,144,165,190,202,213,251,279,316],"automotive":[36],"safety":[37],"applications.":[38,88],"Due":[39],"to":[40,54,64,192,238,271,309],"their":[41,87],"resilience":[42],"against":[43],"harsh":[44],"environments,":[45],"they":[46],"are":[47],"used":[48],"instead":[49],"or":[51,56],"addition":[53],"optical":[55],"ultrasonic":[57],"systems.":[58,114],"sensors":[60],"hold":[61],"excellent":[62],"capabilities":[63,80,303],"estimate":[65],"distance":[66],"motion":[68],"accurately,":[69],"penetrate":[70],"non-metallic":[71],"objects,":[72],"remain":[74],"unaffected":[75],"by":[76,225],"weather":[77],"conditions.":[78],"These":[79],"make":[81],"these":[82],"devices":[83],"extremely":[84],"flexible":[85],"Electromagnetic":[89],"waves":[90],"centered":[91],"at":[92],"frequencies":[93],"around":[94],"24":[95,175],"GHz":[96,176],"offer":[97],"high":[98],"precision":[99],"target":[100,242],"measurements,":[101],"compact":[102],"antenna,":[103],"circuitry":[105],"design,":[106],"lower":[108],"atmospheric":[109],"absorption":[110],"than":[111],"higher":[112],"frequency-based":[113],"This":[115,204],"thesis":[116],"studies":[117],"non-cooperative":[118],"automatic":[119,241],"multi-target":[121],"detection":[122,138,201],"classification.":[124,203],"A":[125],"prototype":[126],"system":[130,169],"with":[131,181,254,260,284,323],"new":[133],"microwave-radar-based":[134],"technique":[135],"for":[136,187],"short-range":[137],"classification":[140,281,286],"multiple":[142,306],"human":[143],"vehicle":[145],"targets":[146,274,283,307],"passing":[147],"through":[148],"road":[150],"gate":[151],"is":[152,170,231,295],"presented.":[153],"It":[154],"allows":[155],"identifying":[156],"different":[157,310,328],"types":[158],"targets,":[160],"i.e.,":[161],"pedestrians,":[162,313],"motorcycles,":[163,315],"cars,":[164,314],"trucks.":[166],"The":[167,228,293,318],"developed":[168,229],"based":[171,232,266,288],"on":[172,233,267,289],"low-cost":[174],"off-the-shelf":[177],"FMCW":[178],"radar,":[179],"combined":[180],"an":[182,234],"embedded":[183],"Raspberry":[184],"Pi":[185],"PC":[186],"data":[188,223,325],"acquisition":[189],"transmission":[191],"remote":[194],"processing":[195,219,236],"PC,":[196],"which":[197,206,245],"takes":[198],"care":[199],"approach,":[205,263],"can":[207],"find":[208],"applications":[209],"both":[211],"security":[212],"infrastructure":[214],"surveillance,":[215],"relies":[216],"upon":[217],"scattered-field":[222],"acquired":[224,326],"radar.":[227],"method":[230],"ad-hoc":[235],"chain":[237],"accomplish":[239],"recognition":[243],"task,":[244],"consists":[246],"blocks":[248],"performing":[249],"clutter":[250],"leakage":[252],"removal":[253],"frame":[256],"subtraction":[257],"technique,":[258],"clustering":[259],"DBSCAN":[262],"tracking":[264],"algorithm":[265],"?-?":[269],"filter":[270],"follow":[272],"during":[275],"traversal,":[276],"features":[277],"extraction,":[278],"finally":[280],"scheme":[287],"support":[290],"vector":[291],"machines.":[292],"approach":[294,319],"validated":[296,322],"real":[298],"experimental":[299,324],"scenarios,":[300,329],"showing":[301,330],"its":[302],"incorrectly":[304],"detecting":[305],"belonging":[308],"classes":[311],"(i.e.,":[312],"trucks).":[317],"has":[320],"been":[321],"good":[331],"identification":[332],"capabilities.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}