{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2481390933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0026","title":"Salmon: Robust Proxy Distribution for Censorship Circumvention","display_name":"Salmon: Robust Proxy Distribution for Censorship Circumvention","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2481390933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0026","mag":"2481390933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/popets-2016-0026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0026","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2016/popets-2016-0026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2016/popets-2016-0026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004374252","display_name":"Frederick Douglas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013146732","display_name":"Rorshach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rorshach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054599648","display_name":"Weiyang Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038897777","display_name":"Matthew Caesar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Caesar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86880975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":"4","first_page":"4","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7073150873184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7004243731498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6351236701011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6126242876052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5911961793899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5863993167877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/censorship","display_name":"Censorship","score":0.5739743709564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firewall","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","score":0.48195573687553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.4813183546066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.45724251866340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.4539759159088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flagging","display_name":"Flagging","score":0.44959771633148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3874325156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2734318971633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2182445526123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09201917052268982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7073150873184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7004243731498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6351236701011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6126242876052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5911961793899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5863993167877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52930066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543","display_name":"Censorship","level":2,"score":0.5739743709564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77714075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5452017","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","level":5,"score":0.48195573687553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.4813183546066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45724251866340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.4539759159088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777548347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456937","display_name":"Flagging","level":2,"score":0.44959771633148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3874325156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2734318971633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2182445526123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09201917052268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183915046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316152","display_name":"Charged black hole","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3756855","display_name":"Accretion (finance)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/popets-2016-0026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0026","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2016/popets-2016-0026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bcfadfea22fe45dab0c7e460489c7271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bcfadfea22fe45dab0c7e460489c7271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Vol 2016, Iss 4, Pp 4-20 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/popets-2016-0026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0026","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2016/popets-2016-0026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2481390933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2481390933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91931328","https://openalex.org/W139582188","https://openalex.org/W1409124109","https://openalex.org/W1483887151","https://openalex.org/W1537331768","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1815005891","https://openalex.org/W1981790149","https://openalex.org/W2023276871","https://openalex.org/W2031211716","https://openalex.org/W2080100559","https://openalex.org/W2094522125","https://openalex.org/W2113030600","https://openalex.org/W2124423070","https://openalex.org/W2139674816","https://openalex.org/W2149541935","https://openalex.org/W2209711601","https://openalex.org/W2249146864","https://openalex.org/W2290546066","https://openalex.org/W2396113481","https://openalex.org/W2397223326","https://openalex.org/W2950479086","https://openalex.org/W4298155166","https://openalex.org/W6600297362","https://openalex.org/W6600655691","https://openalex.org/W6815536777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807886874","https://openalex.org/W2946613364","https://openalex.org/W1697346018","https://openalex.org/W2113326855","https://openalex.org/W611259847","https://openalex.org/W2354785495","https://openalex.org/W642986199","https://openalex.org/W2320858910","https://openalex.org/W2221210835","https://openalex.org/W2143954616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Many":[1],"governments":[2],"block":[3],"their":[4,129],"citizens\u2019":[5],"access":[6],"to":[7,30,56,79],"much":[8],"of":[9,63,67,74,86,97,141],"the":[10,61,64,87,95,106],"Internet.":[11],"Simple":[12],"workarounds":[13],"are":[14],"unreliable;":[15],"censors":[16],"quickly":[17,112],"discover":[18],"and":[19,103],"patch":[20],"them.":[21],"Previously":[22],"proposed":[23],"robust":[24],"approaches":[25],"either":[26,137],"have":[27],"non-trivial":[28],"obstacles":[29],"deployment,":[31],"or":[32,125,146],"rely":[33],"on":[34,71,128],"low-performance":[35],"covert":[36],"channels":[37],"that":[38],"cannot":[39],"support":[40],"typical":[41],"Internet":[42],"usage":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45,122],"streaming":[46],"video.":[47],"We":[48,131],"present":[49],"Salmon,":[50],"an":[51,109,138],"incrementally":[52],"deployable":[53],"system":[54],"designed":[55],"resist":[57],"a":[58,72,91,142,147,150],"censor":[59,107],"with":[60],"resources":[62],"\u201cGreat":[65],"Firewall\u201d":[66],"China.":[68],"Salmon":[69,93],"relies":[70],"network":[73,144],"volunteers":[75],"in":[76],"uncensored":[77],"countries":[78],"run":[80],"proxy":[81],"servers.":[82],"Although":[83],"any":[84],"member":[85],"public":[88],"can":[89],"become":[90],"user,":[92],"protects":[94],"bulk":[96],"its":[98],"servers":[99],"from":[100,149],"being":[101],"discovered":[102],"blocked":[104],"by":[105,135],"via":[108],"algorithm":[110,117],"for":[111],"identifying":[113,119],"malicious":[114],"users.":[115],"The":[116],"entails":[118],"some":[120],"users":[121],"especially":[123],"trustworthy":[124,151],"suspicious,":[126],"based":[127],"actions.":[130],"impede":[132],"Sybil":[133],"attacks":[134],"requiring":[136],"unobtrusive":[139],"check":[140],"social":[143],"account,":[145],"referral":[148],"user.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}