{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309672692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phon-2022-2025","title":"Vowels in urban and rural Albanian: the case of the Southern Gheg dialect","display_name":"Vowels in urban and rural Albanian: the case of the Southern Gheg dialect","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309672692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phon-2022-2025","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36420530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/phon-2022-2025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phon-2022-2025","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/phon-2022-2025/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137490058","display_name":"Phonetica","issn_l":"0031-8388","issn":["0031-8388","1423-0321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/phon-2022-2025/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077261331","display_name":"Josiane Riverin-Coutl\u00e9e","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josiane Riverin-Coutl\u00e9e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006160546","display_name":"Enkeleida Kapia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19990685","display_name":"Academy of Sciences of Albania","ror":"https://ror.org/016sx0y50","country_code":"AL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19990685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["AL","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enkeleida Kapia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Albanological Sciences , Tirana , Albania","Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Albanological Sciences , Tirana , Albania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19990685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028357409","display_name":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Cunha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Cunha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071215893","display_name":"Jonathan Harrington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-0949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Harrington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Bavaria , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077261331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5458,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76105263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"5","first_page":"459","last_page":"512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rounding","display_name":"Rounding","score":0.8698261976242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.6966389417648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.537712812423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4678901731967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.36955946683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3467400074005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23746848106384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2136038839817047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.20087379217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1755601465702057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136625980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663208","display_name":"Rounding","level":2,"score":0.8698261976242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.6966389417648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.537712812423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4678901731967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.36955946683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3467400074005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23746848106384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2136038839817047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20087379217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1755601465702057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/phon-2022-2025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phon-2022-2025","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/phon-2022-2025/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137490058","display_name":"Phonetica","issn_l":"0031-8388","issn":["0031-8388","1423-0321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36420530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36420530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/phon-2022-2025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phon-2022-2025","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/phon-2022-2025/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137490058","display_name":"Phonetica","issn_l":"0031-8388","issn":["0031-8388","1423-0321"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Phonetica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8098934547","display_name":"Human interaction and the evolution of spoken accent","funder_award_id":"742289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309672692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309672692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W374479179","https://openalex.org/W922468939","https://openalex.org/W1227167801","https://openalex.org/W1557861095","https://openalex.org/W1611003500","https://openalex.org/W1948396327","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1964137370","https://openalex.org/W1968486366","https://openalex.org/W1968984182","https://openalex.org/W1971324181","https://openalex.org/W1972820365","https://openalex.org/W1973144418","https://openalex.org/W1974259598","https://openalex.org/W1974763675","https://openalex.org/W1975922008","https://openalex.org/W1987875551","https://openalex.org/W1994888226","https://openalex.org/W1997141060","https://openalex.org/W2000529208","https://openalex.org/W2003483021","https://openalex.org/W2006532927","https://openalex.org/W2006750078","https://openalex.org/W2007602959","https://openalex.org/W2008325224","https://openalex.org/W2009162883","https://openalex.org/W2011832962","https://openalex.org/W2013734426","https://openalex.org/W2017947789","https://openalex.org/W2022282211","https://openalex.org/W2024324635","https://openalex.org/W2026912909","https://openalex.org/W2039019513","https://openalex.org/W2043090254","https://openalex.org/W2044699709","https://openalex.org/W2045322128","https://openalex.org/W2046335163","https://openalex.org/W2052086348","https://openalex.org/W2058878924","https://openalex.org/W2060761110","https://openalex.org/W2060828359","https://openalex.org/W2061406848","https://openalex.org/W2066263067","https://openalex.org/W2085936333","https://openalex.org/W2088753532","https://openalex.org/W2116982164","https://openalex.org/W2118964917","https://openalex.org/W2119160928","https://openalex.org/W2123355319","https://openalex.org/W2125675088","https://openalex.org/W2134463512","https://openalex.org/W2135208941","https://openalex.org/W2135944553","https://openalex.org/W2148630702","https://openalex.org/W2149349124","https://openalex.org/W2154902956","https://openalex.org/W2159215606","https://openalex.org/W2159398820","https://openalex.org/W2170014061","https://openalex.org/W2175871351","https://openalex.org/W2327062410","https://openalex.org/W2402232716","https://openalex.org/W2467997928","https://openalex.org/W2488274163","https://openalex.org/W2490792592","https://openalex.org/W2492221894","https://openalex.org/W2496512366","https://openalex.org/W2519132385","https://openalex.org/W2549654847","https://openalex.org/W2576357309","https://openalex.org/W2586602577","https://openalex.org/W2588719178","https://openalex.org/W2625429129","https://openalex.org/W2626378945","https://openalex.org/W2750404541","https://openalex.org/W2754473290","https://openalex.org/W2757454087","https://openalex.org/W2762007322","https://openalex.org/W2774486220","https://openalex.org/W2776566432","https://openalex.org/W2783138051","https://openalex.org/W2791370166","https://openalex.org/W2794894833","https://openalex.org/W2797443789","https://openalex.org/W2802042678","https://openalex.org/W2807488068","https://openalex.org/W2889440646","https://openalex.org/W2895904079","https://openalex.org/W2904757393","https://openalex.org/W2906185583","https://openalex.org/W2909689916","https://openalex.org/W2910374046","https://openalex.org/W2916885753","https://openalex.org/W2970997859","https://openalex.org/W2972318297","https://openalex.org/W2987596048","https://openalex.org/W2991971299","https://openalex.org/W3016826230","https://openalex.org/W3094557665","https://openalex.org/W3130776474","https://openalex.org/W3162235889","https://openalex.org/W3185993341","https://openalex.org/W3196866202","https://openalex.org/W3211117355","https://openalex.org/W4200536123","https://openalex.org/W4205493629","https://openalex.org/W4213371605","https://openalex.org/W4225776327","https://openalex.org/W4231848043","https://openalex.org/W4233985419","https://openalex.org/W4235373684","https://openalex.org/W4243041937","https://openalex.org/W4248063457","https://openalex.org/W4248703402","https://openalex.org/W4249707263","https://openalex.org/W4254939660","https://openalex.org/W4291972589","https://openalex.org/W4294255555","https://openalex.org/W4296693412","https://openalex.org/W4300672471","https://openalex.org/W4301820037","https://openalex.org/W4306249762","https://openalex.org/W4388243150","https://openalex.org/W4389720752","https://openalex.org/W4389796668","https://openalex.org/W4399575213","https://openalex.org/W4399639995","https://openalex.org/W4400958862","https://openalex.org/W6684139271","https://openalex.org/W6723064875","https://openalex.org/W6792368456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220780102","https://openalex.org/W1502401885","https://openalex.org/W2410881844","https://openalex.org/W3196334750","https://openalex.org/W2004257129","https://openalex.org/W2116281088","https://openalex.org/W2016668641","https://openalex.org/W2357551824","https://openalex.org/W2019368960","https://openalex.org/W2349094459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Albanian":[0],"comprises":[1],"two":[2,61],"main":[3,166],"dialects,":[4],"Gheg":[5,191],"and":[6,36,53,65,71,93,113,149],"Tosk,":[7],"as":[8,10],"well":[9,140],"a":[11,182],"Tosk-based":[12],"standard":[13],"variety.":[14],"The":[15,158,179],"study":[16],"was":[17,126,139],"concerned":[18],"with":[19,51],"the":[20,24,32,54,72,75,105,110,133,144,162,165,186],"extent":[21],"to":[22,100,169],"which":[23,97],"vocalic":[25,83],"system":[26],"of":[27,63,78,85,89,96,161,189],"Southern":[28,86,190],"Gheg,":[29],"spoken":[30],"in":[31,43,104,109,128,132,154,185],"capital":[33],"city":[34],"Tirana":[35,70],"surrounding":[37],"rural":[38,46,106],"area,":[39],"has":[40],"been":[41],"shaped":[42],"urban":[44,111,134],"versus":[45],"contexts":[47],"by":[48,116,119],"extensive":[49],"contact":[50],"Tosk":[52],"standard.":[55],"Through":[56],"an":[57],"apparent-time":[58],"comparison":[59],"across":[60],"groups":[62],"adults":[64,117],"first-grade":[66],"children,":[67],"one":[68],"from":[69,74],"other":[73],"nearby":[76],"village":[77],"B\u00ebrzhit\u00eb,":[79],"we":[80],"investigated":[81],"three":[82],"features":[84,163,174],"Gheg:":[87],"rounding":[88,125,148],"/a/,":[90],"vowel":[91],"lengthening":[92,138],"monophthongization,":[94],"all":[95],"were":[98,151],"expected":[99],"be":[101],"maintained":[102],"more":[103,115,152],"community":[107],"than":[108,118,156,177],"one,":[112],"also":[114,193],"children.":[120],"Our":[121],"results":[122],"showed":[123],"that":[124],"changing":[127],"both":[129],"locations,":[130],"monophthongization":[131,150],"setting":[135],"only,":[136],"while":[137],"preserved.":[141],"In":[142],"general,":[143],"changes":[145],"found":[146],"for":[147,171,181],"advanced":[153],"children":[155],"adults.":[157],"relative":[159],"complexity":[160,188],"is":[164],"factor":[167],"explored":[168],"account":[170],"why":[172],"some":[173],"change":[175],"faster":[176],"others.":[178],"reasons":[180],"possible":[183],"increase":[184],"phonological":[187],"are":[192],"discussed.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
