{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321125004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","title":"Enhancement of <i>K</i> -means clustering in big data based on equilibrium optimizer algorithm","display_name":"Enhancement of <i>K</i> -means clustering in big data based on equilibrium optimizer algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321125004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023888345","display_name":"Sarah Ghanim Mahmood Al-kababchee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12150220","display_name":"University of Mosul","ror":"https://ror.org/039cf4q47","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126504","display_name":"University of Al-Qadisiyah","ror":"https://ror.org/02ewzwr87","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401041617","display_name":"University of Al-Hamdaniya","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9c6y33","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401041617"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Ghanim Mahmood Al-kababchee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Education College, University of AL-Hamdaniya , 41019 Bartella , Iraq","Department of Mathematics, University of Mosul , 41002 Mosul , Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Education College, University of AL-Hamdaniya , 41019 Bartella , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126504","https://openalex.org/I4401041617"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Mosul , 41002 Mosul , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074230143","display_name":"Zakariya Yahya Algamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12150220","display_name":"University of Mosul","ror":"https://ror.org/039cf4q47","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142005","display_name":"University of Kerbala","ror":"https://ror.org/0449bkp65","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021143","display_name":"University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ase0085","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392021143"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakariya Yahya Algamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa , 56001 Karbala , Iraq","Department of Statistics and Informatics, University of Mosul , 41002 Mosul , Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa , 56001 Karbala , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005","https://openalex.org/I4392021143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Informatics, University of Mosul , 41002 Mosul , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005975925","display_name":"Omar Saber Qasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-6271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12150220","display_name":"University of Mosul","ror":"https://ror.org/039cf4q47","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Saber Qasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Mosul , 41002 Mosul , Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Mosul , 41002 Mosul , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005975925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":2.0221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8884593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8621143102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6758047342300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6344298124313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5894812345504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.586529552936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.47816213965415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4655495584011078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.456034779548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rand-index","display_name":"Rand index","score":0.44808119535446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4251718819141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3100352883338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24875065684318542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8621143102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6758047342300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6344298124313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5894812345504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.586529552936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.47816213965415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4655495584011078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.456034779548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111442797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291446","display_name":"Rand index","level":3,"score":0.44808119535446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4251718819141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3100352883338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24875065684318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:73c542ad0f8c439381067fd88e7c1fc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/73c542ad0f8c439381067fd88e7c1fc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 32, Iss 1, Pp 99-106 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2022-0230/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321125004.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507901999","https://openalex.org/W1514800906","https://openalex.org/W1583655194","https://openalex.org/W1982828472","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2014802425","https://openalex.org/W2056811412","https://openalex.org/W2058290880","https://openalex.org/W2079173445","https://openalex.org/W2079361215","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2092890616","https://openalex.org/W2094521916","https://openalex.org/W2097377630","https://openalex.org/W2102218344","https://openalex.org/W2177188361","https://openalex.org/W2299467264","https://openalex.org/W2479531384","https://openalex.org/W2590009741","https://openalex.org/W2805666699","https://openalex.org/W2892079407","https://openalex.org/W2911627187","https://openalex.org/W2969730807","https://openalex.org/W2971510218","https://openalex.org/W2977905330","https://openalex.org/W2985845430","https://openalex.org/W3036663969","https://openalex.org/W3082758363","https://openalex.org/W3087002432","https://openalex.org/W3089960459","https://openalex.org/W3092376343","https://openalex.org/W3119802761","https://openalex.org/W3137676098","https://openalex.org/W3161186311","https://openalex.org/W3163208372","https://openalex.org/W3214799253","https://openalex.org/W4224946998","https://openalex.org/W4226152773","https://openalex.org/W6629510986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390608645","https://openalex.org/W2112801327","https://openalex.org/W4312201980","https://openalex.org/W4205940116","https://openalex.org/W2000077490","https://openalex.org/W2949329924","https://openalex.org/W4386467284","https://openalex.org/W2752973482","https://openalex.org/W4319303001","https://openalex.org/W2032713750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Data":[1,34],"mining\u2019s":[2],"primary":[3],"clustering":[4,26,99,209],"method":[5,135,163],"has":[6,55],"several":[7],"uses,":[8],"including":[9],"gene":[10],"analysis.":[11],"A":[12],"set":[13],"of":[14,53,96,114,132,143,160,167,181,185],"unlabeled":[15],"data":[16,22,208],"is":[17,29,80,100,177],"divided":[18],"into":[19],"clusters":[20,54,115],"using":[21],"features":[23],"in":[24,35,47,136,141,179],"a":[25,36,56,158],"study,":[27],"which":[28],"an":[30,94,104],"unsupervised":[31],"learning":[32],"problem.":[33],"cluster":[37],"are":[38],"more":[39],"comparable":[40],"to":[41,45,69,82,122,138],"one":[42],"another":[43],"than":[44],"those":[46],"other":[48],"groups.":[49],"However,":[50],"the":[51,62,71,88,112,119,124,130,133,154,161,165,168,175,182,186,189,195,200],"number":[52,113],"direct":[57],"impact":[58],"on":[59,150],"how":[60],"well":[61,193],"K":[63,97],"-means":[64,98],"algorithm":[65],"performs.":[66],"In":[67,91,198],"order":[68],"find":[70,123],"best":[72,120],"solutions":[73],"for":[74,207],"these":[75],"real-world":[76],"optimization":[77,106],"issues,":[78],"it":[79,171],"necessary":[81],"use":[83],"techniques":[84],"that":[85,174],"properly":[86],"explore":[87],"search":[89],"spaces.":[90],"this":[92],"research,":[93],"enhancement":[95],"proposed":[101,162],"by":[102],"applying":[103],"equilibrium":[105],"approach.":[107],"The":[108,127],"suggested":[109,134,201],"approach":[110],"adjusts":[111],"while":[116],"simultaneously":[117],"choosing":[118],"attributes":[121],"optimal":[125],"answer.":[126],"findings":[128],"establish":[129],"usefulness":[131],"comparison":[137,159],"existing":[139],"algorithms":[140],"terms":[142,180],"intra-cluster":[144],"distances":[145],"and":[146,157,210],"Rand":[147,196],"index":[148],"based":[149],"five":[151],"datasets.":[152],"Through":[153],"results":[155],"shown":[156],"with":[164],"rest":[166],"traditional":[169],"methods,":[170],"was":[172],"found":[173],"proposal":[176],"better":[178],"internal":[183],"dimension":[184],"elements":[187],"within":[188],"same":[190],"cluster,":[191],"as":[192,194],"index.":[197],"conclusion,":[199],"technique":[202],"can":[203,211],"be":[204],"successfully":[205],"employed":[206],"offer":[212],"significant":[213],"support.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}