{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197472811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","title":"Machine translation of English content: A comparative study of different methods","display_name":"Machine translation of English content: A comparative study of different methods","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197472811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","mag":"3197472811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030249691","display_name":"Jinfeng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-3912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260334","display_name":"Dongying Vocational Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03kbxzp97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096525","https://openalex.org/I4387155179","https://openalex.org/I4405260334"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Petroleum Equipment and Electronic Engineering, Dongying Vocational Institute , No. 129, Dongcheng Fuqian Street , Dongying , Shandong 257091 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Petroleum Equipment and Electronic Engineering, Dongying Vocational Institute , No. 129, Dongcheng Fuqian Street , Dongying , Shandong 257091 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260334"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030249691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260334"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":0.6501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75761012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"980","last_page":"987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.814368486404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8047536611557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7596062421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation-system","display_name":"Translation system","score":0.6678038239479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6661748886108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.5499600172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5290359854698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5289362072944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-system","display_name":"Machine translation system","score":0.4122657775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.34481674432754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.21154674887657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.087728351354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08705604076385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07321158051490784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.814368486404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8047536611557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7596062421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992676002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Translation system","level":3,"score":0.6678038239479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6661748886108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.5499600172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5290359854698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5289362072944641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986258472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation system","level":3,"score":0.4122657775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.34481674432754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.21154674887657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.087728351354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08705604076385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07321158051490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4729486a0154ba6aa94f712c3cf65bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4729486a0154ba6aa94f712c3cf65bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 980-987 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0150/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197472811.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118434577","https://openalex.org/W2196658045","https://openalex.org/W2263270445","https://openalex.org/W2304541115","https://openalex.org/W2319954399","https://openalex.org/W2470454173","https://openalex.org/W2531207078","https://openalex.org/W2624521690","https://openalex.org/W2739894144","https://openalex.org/W2759645571","https://openalex.org/W2884083742","https://openalex.org/W2896875325","https://openalex.org/W2933138175","https://openalex.org/W2963277143","https://openalex.org/W2963418779","https://openalex.org/W2963888305","https://openalex.org/W2963993537","https://openalex.org/W2987258871","https://openalex.org/W3019057642","https://openalex.org/W3023337298","https://openalex.org/W3038962644","https://openalex.org/W3087816885","https://openalex.org/W3088303980","https://openalex.org/W3089290825","https://openalex.org/W3119689583","https://openalex.org/W3124891265","https://openalex.org/W4229925607","https://openalex.org/W6749669830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152633844","https://openalex.org/W2132122285","https://openalex.org/W3140479314","https://openalex.org/W2587602790","https://openalex.org/W3098209986","https://openalex.org/W2610387714","https://openalex.org/W2585971314","https://openalex.org/W2016948484","https://openalex.org/W2481351509","https://openalex.org/W3197472811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Based":[1],"on":[2,31],"neural":[3],"machine":[4],"translation,":[5],"this":[6],"article":[7],"introduced":[8],"the":[9,28,32,39,43,50,57,61,65,69,73,84,88,97,107,121],"ConvS2S":[10,62],"system":[11,21,48,63,71,90,123],"and":[12,26,72,93,130,135],"transformer":[13,20,47,70,77,111],"system,":[14],"designed":[15,89],"a":[16],"semantic":[17,44,74,108],"sharing":[18,45,75,109],"combined":[19,46,76,110],"to":[22],"improve":[23],"translation":[24,114,129],"quality,":[25],"compared":[27],"three":[29],"systems":[30],"NIST":[33],"dataset.":[34],"The":[35,101,116],"results":[36,118],"showed":[37,105],"that":[38,106,120],"operation":[40],"speed":[41],"of":[42,60,87,103],"was":[49,64],"highest,":[51],"reaching":[52],"3934.27":[53],"words":[54],"per":[55],"second;":[56],"BLEU":[58,85],"value":[59],"smallest,":[66],"followed":[67],"by":[68],"system.":[78],"Taking":[79],"NIST08":[80],"as":[81],"an":[82],"example,":[83],"values":[86],"were":[91],"4.74":[92],"1.49":[94],"higher":[95,113],"than":[96],"other":[98],"two":[99],"systems.":[100],"analysis":[102],"examples":[104],"had":[112],"quality.":[115],"experimental":[117],"show":[119],"proposed":[122],"is":[124],"reliable":[125],"in":[126,137],"English":[127],"content":[128],"can":[131],"be":[132],"further":[133],"promoted":[134],"applied":[136],"practice.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}