{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200265847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","title":"Comparative analysis of blockchain technology to support digital transformation in ports and shipping","display_name":"Comparative analysis of blockchain technology to support digital transformation in ports and shipping","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200265847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008748319","display_name":"Dimah Alahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-8832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimah H. Alahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058794319","display_name":"Fatmah Baothman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatmah Abdulrahman Baothman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004792025","display_name":"Mona M. Alrajhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona M. Alrajhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006474940","display_name":"Fatimah Alshahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-5633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatimah S. Alshahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043384408","display_name":"Hawazin Albalawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hawazin Z. Albalawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21431 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058794319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":7.3941,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97203887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14064","display_name":"Organizational and Employee Performance","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9541531801223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7309575080871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.6163047552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5487103462219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.5298775434494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5222737789154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4970610439777374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.47043105959892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.457913339138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.4319157302379608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4280146360397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3711225986480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.3523082137107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22980618476867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.13755011558532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13385409116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1255744993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.07653698325157166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9541531801223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7309575080871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.6163047552108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5487103462219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.5298775434494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5222737789154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4970610439777374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47043105959892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.457913339138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.4319157302379608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4280146360397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3711225986480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3523082137107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22980618476867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.13755011558532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13385409116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1255744993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.07653698325157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e63850da6d5a43069fa5f1aa0c049a9b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e63850da6d5a43069fa5f1aa0c049a9b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 31, Iss 1, Pp 55-69 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2021-0131/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200265847.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200265847.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15399841","https://openalex.org/W2054334140","https://openalex.org/W2132160013","https://openalex.org/W2496777941","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2552615895","https://openalex.org/W2565510139","https://openalex.org/W2594174180","https://openalex.org/W2604528753","https://openalex.org/W2620904645","https://openalex.org/W2751583255","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2763585481","https://openalex.org/W2766765151","https://openalex.org/W2772652996","https://openalex.org/W2773929027","https://openalex.org/W2775312334","https://openalex.org/W2789772642","https://openalex.org/W2789901505","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2806391101","https://openalex.org/W2901542879","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2909181255","https://openalex.org/W2917580293","https://openalex.org/W2939663913","https://openalex.org/W2946857578","https://openalex.org/W2947457955","https://openalex.org/W2953759533","https://openalex.org/W2954244340","https://openalex.org/W2967267206","https://openalex.org/W2972137713","https://openalex.org/W2978644098","https://openalex.org/W2981605256","https://openalex.org/W3002264969","https://openalex.org/W3011399658","https://openalex.org/W3017089210","https://openalex.org/W3019037302","https://openalex.org/W3028553815","https://openalex.org/W3082321784","https://openalex.org/W3082857533","https://openalex.org/W3091614728","https://openalex.org/W3118694803","https://openalex.org/W3121124575","https://openalex.org/W3124280593","https://openalex.org/W3128328166","https://openalex.org/W3129848661","https://openalex.org/W3131281767","https://openalex.org/W3147948705","https://openalex.org/W3157903123","https://openalex.org/W3158141001","https://openalex.org/W3158987539","https://openalex.org/W3172771640","https://openalex.org/W3173198048","https://openalex.org/W3173865055","https://openalex.org/W3175061186","https://openalex.org/W3177059230","https://openalex.org/W3182458995","https://openalex.org/W3183929874","https://openalex.org/W3186367028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Blockchain":[1],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,38,55,71,115],"the":[5,36,41,53,59,66,69,72,113,118,132],"technologies":[6],"that":[7,92],"can":[8,20,94],"support":[9,47,124],"digital":[10,48,125],"transformation":[11],"in":[12,14,40,76,85,117],"industries":[13],"many":[15],"aspects.":[16],"This":[17,32,105,145],"sophisticated":[18],"technology":[19,57,153],"provide":[21],"a":[22,82],"decentralized,":[23],"transparent,":[24],"and":[25,30,43,62,78,102,120,136,156],"secure":[26],"environment":[27],"for":[28],"organizations":[29],"businesses.":[31],"review":[33,106],"article":[34],"discusses":[35],"adoption":[37,114],"blockchain":[39,93,116,152],"ports":[42,61,77,119,155],"shipping":[44,63,79,121,157],"industry":[45,122],"to":[46,108,123,130,150],"transformation.":[49,126],"It":[50,127],"also":[51,128],"explores":[52],"integration":[54],"this":[56,86],"into":[58,97,154],"current":[60,140],"ecosystem.":[64],"Besides,":[65],"study":[67,84,146],"highlighted":[68],"situation":[70],"supply":[73],"chains":[74],"management":[75],"domain":[80],"as":[81,100],"case":[83],"field.":[87],"The":[88],"investigated":[89],"studies":[90],"show":[91],"be":[95],"integrated":[96],"processes":[98,158],"such":[99],"financial":[101],"document":[103],"workflow.":[104],"contributes":[107],"research":[109],"by":[110],"focusing":[111],"on":[112,143],"aims":[129],"understand":[131],"existing":[133],"port":[134],"practice":[135],"map":[137],"it":[138],"with":[139],"tendencies":[141],"based":[142],"blockchain.":[144],"gives":[147],"insight":[148],"analysis":[149],"incorporate":[151],"globally.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-26T13:28:51.108037","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
