{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162112692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","title":"Bangla hate speech detection on social media using attention-based recurrent neural network","display_name":"Bangla hate speech detection on social media using attention-based recurrent neural network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162112692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","mag":"3162112692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060823612","display_name":"Amit Kumar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885507782","display_name":"East West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0tzt32","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amit Kumar Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022144389","display_name":"Abdullah Al Asif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885507782","display_name":"East West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0tzt32","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Al Asif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000257964","display_name":"Anik Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6573-7295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885507782","display_name":"East West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0tzt32","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anik Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101048997","display_name":"Md. Nur Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885507782","display_name":"East West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0tzt32","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Nur Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), East West University, Dhaka , Dhaka , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060823612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":12.4548,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98920041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"578","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.9733848571777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7954655885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.61637943983078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6053512096405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5935860276222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5806959867477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.516002893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5059959292411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.50201416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46582362055778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4117785096168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.14561781287193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09511047601699829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.9733848571777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7954655885696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.61637943983078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6053512096405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5935860276222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5806959867477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.516002893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5059959292411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.50201416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46582362055778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4117785096168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14561781287193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09511047601699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.16775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16775","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.16775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58b89077a75f4e4788a7dad893e7f789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58b89077a75f4e4788a7dad893e7f789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 578-591 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.bracu.ac.bd:10361/17030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10361/17030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402122","display_name":"BRAC University Institutional Repository (BRAC University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5518804","host_organization_name":"BRAC University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5518804"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jisys-2020-0060/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162112692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162112692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078257655","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2165343833","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2610483642","https://openalex.org/W2773128093","https://openalex.org/W2787020039","https://openalex.org/W2800068017","https://openalex.org/W2924026609","https://openalex.org/W2945404925","https://openalex.org/W2956090150","https://openalex.org/W2963532322","https://openalex.org/W2965466909","https://openalex.org/W2971391198","https://openalex.org/W2971823407","https://openalex.org/W2972185115","https://openalex.org/W2973422500","https://openalex.org/W2974459938","https://openalex.org/W2974513909","https://openalex.org/W2974781999","https://openalex.org/W2979859896","https://openalex.org/W2996401852","https://openalex.org/W2998030657","https://openalex.org/W3000571327","https://openalex.org/W3007805994","https://openalex.org/W3016997976","https://openalex.org/W3134060957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084490135","https://openalex.org/W4298170800","https://openalex.org/W2895890526","https://openalex.org/W617692174","https://openalex.org/W2794758919","https://openalex.org/W4232781930","https://openalex.org/W1913642778","https://openalex.org/W2630858571","https://openalex.org/W4300860228","https://openalex.org/W2329406070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Hate":[1],"speech":[2,157],"has":[3],"spread":[4],"more":[5],"rapidly":[6],"through":[7],"the":[8,54,57,136,144,160,167],"daily":[9],"use":[10],"of":[11,56,63,109,114,118],"technology":[12],"and,":[13],"most":[14],"notably,":[15],"by":[16],"sharing":[17],"your":[18],"opinions":[19],"or":[20],"feelings":[21],"on":[22,66],"social":[23,67],"media":[24,68],"in":[25,36,40,53,69,82,97],"a":[26,94],"negative":[27],"aspect.":[28],"Although":[29],"numerous":[30],"works":[31,48,74],"have":[32,49,76,151],"been":[33,50,77,152],"carried":[34,51,78],"out":[35,52,79],"detecting":[37],"hate":[38,119,156],"speeches":[39],"English,":[41],"German,":[42],"and":[43,85,125,131,148],"other":[44],"languages,":[45],"very":[46],"few":[47,72],"context":[55],"Bengali":[58,102,111],"language.":[59],"In":[60],"contrast,":[61],"millions":[62],"people":[64],"communicate":[65],"Bengali.":[70],"The":[71],"existing":[73],"that":[75],"need":[80],"improvements":[81],"both":[83],"accuracy":[84,169],"interpretability.":[86],"This":[87],"article":[88],"proposed":[89],"encoder\u2013decoder-based":[90],"machine":[91],"learning":[92],"model,":[93],"popular":[95],"tool":[96],"NLP,":[98],"to":[99,123],"classify":[100],"user\u2019s":[101],"comments":[103],"from":[104,135],"Facebook":[105],"pages.":[106],"A":[107],"dataset":[108],"7,425":[110],"comments,":[112,137],"consisting":[113],"seven":[115],"distinct":[116],"categories":[117],"speeches,":[120],"was":[121],"used":[122,153],"train":[124],"evaluate":[126],"our":[127],"model.":[128],"For":[129],"extracting":[130],"encoding":[132],"local":[133],"features":[134],"1D":[138],"convolutional":[139],"layers":[140],"were":[141],"used.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"attention":[145],"mechanism,":[146],"LSTM,":[147],"GRU-based":[149],"decoders":[150],"for":[154],"predicting":[155],"categories.":[158],"Among":[159],"three":[161],"encoder\u2013decoder":[162],"algorithms,":[163],"attention-based":[164],"decoder":[165],"obtained":[166],"best":[168],"(77%).":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-29T09:21:14.243279","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
