{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969979070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","title":"A 4D Trajectory Prediction Model Based on the BP Neural Network","display_name":"A 4D Trajectory Prediction Model Based on the BP Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969979070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","mag":"2969979070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/jisys/29/1/article-p1545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/jisys/29/1/article-p1545.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083430909","display_name":"Zhijun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-1767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28813325","display_name":"Civil Aviation University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/03je71k37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-1767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101420960","display_name":"Shan Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28813325","display_name":"Civil Aviation University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/03je71k37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041611538","display_name":"Lan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28813325","display_name":"Civil Aviation University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/03je71k37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China , Tianjin 300300 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083430909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":38.5996,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99463505,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"1545","last_page":"1557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.8233696222305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6782304048538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6467086672782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.6443426609039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6216223239898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5270341038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4937809407711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4810386002063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4730203151702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.46237656474113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.444046288728714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.439432293176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3880356550216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2983851432800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17632421851158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.11169379949569702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.8233696222305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6782304048538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6467086672782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.6443426609039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6216223239898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5270341038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4937809407711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4810386002063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4730203151702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.46237656474113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.444046288728714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.439432293176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3880356550216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2983851432800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17632421851158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11169379949569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/jisys/29/1/article-p1545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f2434154cd341fb975da76ca3c88ebb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f2434154cd341fb975da76ca3c88ebb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 29, Iss 1, Pp 1545-1557 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0077","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/jisys/29/1/article-p1545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G540981109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907727675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17JCZDJC30900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969979070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969979070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572104243","https://openalex.org/W1981176313","https://openalex.org/W2030803426","https://openalex.org/W2032871083","https://openalex.org/W2097356905","https://openalex.org/W2170921148","https://openalex.org/W2187578234","https://openalex.org/W2335418428","https://openalex.org/W2524324935","https://openalex.org/W2529414467","https://openalex.org/W2767380287","https://openalex.org/W2786491554","https://openalex.org/W2786845078","https://openalex.org/W2802384791","https://openalex.org/W4256299369","https://openalex.org/W6766417171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239286941","https://openalex.org/W4387072315","https://openalex.org/W1518564963","https://openalex.org/W2180861079","https://openalex.org/W4388093525","https://openalex.org/W2728376045","https://openalex.org/W2350552870","https://openalex.org/W2659933339","https://openalex.org/W3005025283","https://openalex.org/W2742825757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"solve":[2],"the":[3,12,27,35,40,48,60,65,77,99,108,113,138,142,146,151,159,166,171,175,185,189],"problem":[4],"that":[5,158],"traditional":[6],"trajectory":[7,22,67,71,90,101,162],"prediction":[8,23,72],"methods":[9],"cannot":[10],"meet":[11],"requirements":[13],"of":[14,137,200],"high-precision,":[15],"multi-dimensional":[16],"and":[17,39,95,125,135,150,170,184],"real-time":[18],"prediction,":[19],"a":[20],"4D":[21,70,161],"model":[24,73,109],"based":[25,75],"on":[26,76],"backpropagation":[28],"(BP)":[29],"neural":[30,79],"network":[31],"was":[32,56,74,82],"studied.":[33],"First,":[34],"hierarchical":[36],"clustering":[37,42],"algorithm":[38,43],"k-means":[41],"were":[44],"adopted":[45],"to":[46,58,63,93,97,165],"analyze":[47],"total":[49],"flight":[50,61,100,168],"time.":[51],"Then,":[52],"cubic":[53],"spline":[54],"interpolation":[55],"used":[57,96],"interpolate":[59],"position":[62],"extract":[64],"main":[66],"feature.":[68],"The":[69,155],"BP":[78],"network.":[80],"It":[81,130],"trained":[83],"by":[84,112],"Automatic":[85],"Dependent":[86],"Surveillance":[87],"\u2013":[88],"Broadcast":[89],"from":[91],"Qingdao":[92],"Beijing":[94],"predict":[98],"at":[102,174,188],"future":[103],"moments.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"is":[110,163,178,192,199],"evaluated":[111],"common":[114],"measurement":[115],"index":[116],"such":[117],"as":[118],"maximum":[119],"absolute":[120,123],"error,":[121],"mean":[122,127],"error":[124,173,187],"root":[126],"square":[128],"error.":[129],"also":[131],"gives":[132],"an":[133],"analysis":[134],"comparison":[136],"predicted":[139,143,160],"over-point":[140,144,148,153],"time,":[141],"altitude,":[145],"actual":[147,152],"time":[149,172],"altitude.":[154],"results":[156],"indicate":[157],"close":[164],"real":[167],"data,":[169],"crossing":[176,190],"point":[177,191],"no":[179,193],"more":[180,194],"than":[181,195],"1":[182],"min":[183],"altitude":[186],"50":[196],"m,":[197],"which":[198],"high":[201],"accuracy.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-06T23:10:59.065948","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}
