{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2977470219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","title":"A Flame Detection Method Based on Novel Gradient Features","display_name":"A Flame Detection Method Based on Novel Gradient Features","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2977470219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","mag":"2977470219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","pdf_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2020.29.issue-1/jisys-2017-0562/jisys-2017-0562.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2020.29.issue-1/jisys-2017-0562/jisys-2017-0562.xml","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101627418","display_name":"Liping Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-5578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Liping","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067065399","display_name":"Hongqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-4857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Hongqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wang Fenghui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Fenghui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112128968","display_name":"LV Jie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lv Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026401762","display_name":"Sikandar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-8615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I335365548","display_name":"University of Swat","ror":"https://ror.org/01q9mqz67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I335365548"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sikandar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","Department of Computer and Software Technology , University of Swat , Mingora , Pakistan","Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Technology , University of Swat , Mingora , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I335365548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617738","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Department , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067065399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":0.7865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75418137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"773","last_page":"786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7087896466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.6966544389724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6586788892745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5392898321151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5110670328140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4982609748840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47975099086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.47427043318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4661812484264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.436676949262619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43552166223526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-analysis","display_name":"Color analysis","score":0.43548649549484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29554256796836853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7087896466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.6966544389724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6586788892745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5392898321151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5110670328140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4982609748840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47975099086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.47427043318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4661812484264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.436676949262619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43552166223526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777385505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396469","display_name":"Color analysis","level":2,"score":0.43548649549484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29554256796836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","pdf_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2020.29.issue-1/jisys-2017-0562/jisys-2017-0562.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae1f0ad5dbe7458e9e9a71f54a007569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae1f0ad5dbe7458e9e9a71f54a007569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 29, Iss 1, Pp 773-786 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0562","pdf_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2020.29.issue-1/jisys-2017-0562/jisys-2017-0562.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2977470219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2977470219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603750645","https://openalex.org/W1984282654","https://openalex.org/W2029148636","https://openalex.org/W2051808039","https://openalex.org/W2063081097","https://openalex.org/W2072458323","https://openalex.org/W2076793573","https://openalex.org/W2084752128","https://openalex.org/W2111692049","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2146926380","https://openalex.org/W2158441619","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2532102307","https://openalex.org/W2558046488","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4233493325","https://openalex.org/W4239510810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384109075","https://openalex.org/W4378716185","https://openalex.org/W2187695786","https://openalex.org/W2120970146","https://openalex.org/W2082216369","https://openalex.org/W2014927246","https://openalex.org/W2023593638","https://openalex.org/W2737324262","https://openalex.org/W2885138557","https://openalex.org/W2051924017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,64],"this":[2,65,134],"study,":[3,66],"we":[4],"present":[5],"a":[6,23,74,145],"novel":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,33,72,86,98],"efficiently":[10],"detect":[11],"the":[12,35,42,46,51,55,80,100,105,112,128,138],"flame":[13,38,88,141],"in":[14,17,41,58],"multiple":[15],"scenes":[16],"an":[18],"image.":[19,43],"The":[20,108],"method":[21,114,135],"uses":[22],"set":[24,75],"of":[25,37,50,76,104,140],"parametric":[26],"representation":[27],"named":[28],"as":[29],"Gradient":[30],"Features":[31],"(GF),":[32],"learn":[34],"features":[36,49],"color":[39,48,56,120],"changes":[40,57],"Different":[44],"from":[45],"traditional":[47],"flame,":[52],"GF":[53],"represents":[54],"RGB":[59],"channels":[60],"for":[61],"further":[62],"consideration.":[63],"support":[67],"vector":[68],"machine":[69],"was":[70,84],"applied":[71],"generate":[73],"candidate":[77],"regions":[78,89,142],"and":[79,102,122,143],"decision":[81],"tree":[82],"model":[83],"used":[85],"judge":[87],"based":[90],"on":[91],"GF.":[92],"Some":[93],"exclusive":[94],"experiments":[95],"were":[96],"conducted":[97],"verify":[99],"validity":[101],"effectiveness":[103],"proposed":[106,113],"method.":[107],"results":[109],"showed":[110,132],"that":[111,133],"can":[115,136],"accurately":[116],"differentiate":[117],"between":[118],"yellow":[119],"light":[121],"sunrise":[123],"scenes.":[124],"A":[125],"comparison":[126],"with":[127],"state-of-the-art":[129],"preceding":[130],"methods":[131],"utilize":[137],"symmetry":[139],"achieve":[144],"better":[146],"result.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}