{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2565004246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","title":"A Multiple Criteria-Based Cost Function Using Wavelet and Edge Transformation for Medical Image Steganography","display_name":"A Multiple Criteria-Based Cost Function Using Wavelet and Edge Transformation for Medical Image Steganography","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2565004246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","mag":"2565004246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","pdf_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2018.27.issue-3/jisys-2016-0095/jisys-2016-0095.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2018.27.issue-3/jisys-2016-0095/jisys-2016-0095.xml","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112295249","display_name":"S. I. Nipanikar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330855593","display_name":"Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bc5bx80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.I. Nipanikar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vel Tech University , Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062 , India","Vel Tech University, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vel Tech University , Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062 , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vel Tech University, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112552617","display_name":"V. Hima Deepthi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330855593","display_name":"Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bc5bx80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Hima Deepthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vel Tech University , Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062 , India","Vel Tech University, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vel Tech University , Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062 , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vel Tech University, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112295249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330855593"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":0.167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5940054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"331","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8076779842376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6836626529693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6479200720787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.5742828845977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5515199303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5446214079856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5385919809341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.5132074356079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5109104514122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5108396410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.45834988355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.43853676319122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42483651638031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-significant-bit","display_name":"Least significant bit","score":0.42340657114982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.41656529903411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35570386052131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.33322370052337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25853198766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12186360359191895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8076779842376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6836626529693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6479200720787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.5742828845977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5515199303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5446214079856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5385919809341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.5132074356079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5109104514122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5108396410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.45834988355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.43853676319122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42483651638031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4305246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3885225","display_name":"Least significant bit","level":2,"score":0.42340657114982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.41656529903411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35570386052131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33322370052337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25853198766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12186360359191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","pdf_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2018.27.issue-3/jisys-2016-0095/jisys-2016-0095.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5137d541a1fc40e2a943e55ba961a9d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5137d541a1fc40e2a943e55ba961a9d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol 27, Iss 3, Pp 331-347 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2016-0095","pdf_url":"http://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jisys.2018.27.issue-3/jisys-2016-0095/jisys-2016-0095.xml","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764846071","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0334-1860","issn":["0334-1860","2191-026X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315148","host_organization_name":"IlmuKomputer.Com","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IlmuKomputer.Com"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2565004246.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2565004246.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W839645149","https://openalex.org/W1604614341","https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W1663899164","https://openalex.org/W1832555003","https://openalex.org/W1833661898","https://openalex.org/W1870458554","https://openalex.org/W1982814196","https://openalex.org/W2004244824","https://openalex.org/W2005181908","https://openalex.org/W2045043475","https://openalex.org/W2049342282","https://openalex.org/W2057546336","https://openalex.org/W2066075863","https://openalex.org/W2099724512","https://openalex.org/W2102039730","https://openalex.org/W2103237496","https://openalex.org/W2107958947","https://openalex.org/W2118094831","https://openalex.org/W2124257143","https://openalex.org/W2134527668","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2154026545","https://openalex.org/W2157601755","https://openalex.org/W2170598445","https://openalex.org/W2171459155","https://openalex.org/W2189753197","https://openalex.org/W2192227561","https://openalex.org/W2218458479","https://openalex.org/W2263140905","https://openalex.org/W2474139658","https://openalex.org/W2622206327","https://openalex.org/W3142078075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127945325","https://openalex.org/W2205085860","https://openalex.org/W2885826910","https://openalex.org/W2134958869","https://openalex.org/W2181427603","https://openalex.org/W2409080236","https://openalex.org/W2977151837","https://openalex.org/W2074995973","https://openalex.org/W2796470635","https://openalex.org/W2015044011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"the":[2,25,33,48,69,76,81,109,113,133,138,152,157,162],"ever-increasing":[3],"need":[4],"for":[5,21,46,67],"concealing":[6],"messages":[7],"within":[8],"cover":[9,34,114],"media":[10,115],"like":[11,92],"image,":[12],"video,":[13],"and":[14,55,97,132,143],"audio,":[15],"numerous":[16],"attempts":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"developed":[20],"steganography.":[22],"Most":[23],"of":[24,44,71,165],"steganographic":[26,122,154],"techniques":[27],"perform":[28],"their":[29],"embedding":[30,47,118],"operation":[31],"on":[32],"image":[35],"without":[36],"selecting":[37],"a":[38,63],"better":[39],"location.":[40],"The":[41,84,100,120,147],"right":[42],"selection":[43],"location":[45,78],"information":[49],"can":[50],"lead":[51],"to":[52,74,79,107],"high":[53],"imperceptibility":[54],"robustness.":[56],"Accordingly,":[57],"in":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"develop":[62],"new":[64],"cost":[65,70,86,102],"function":[66],"estimating":[68],"every":[72],"pixel":[73,98],"identify":[75],"good":[77],"embed":[80,108],"message":[82,110],"data.":[83],"proposed":[85,101,121,153],"estimation":[87],"procedure":[88],"utilizes":[89],"multiple":[90],"parameters":[91],"wavelet":[93],"coefficient,":[94],"edge":[95],"transformation,":[96],"intensity.":[99],"matrix":[103],"is":[104,124],"then":[105],"utilized":[106],"data":[111],"into":[112],"using":[116],"an":[117],"integer.":[119],"technique":[123,155],"experimented":[125],"with":[126,137],"two":[127],"magnetic":[128],"resonance":[129],"brain":[130],"images,":[131],"results":[134],"are":[135],"analyzed":[136],"peak-to-peak":[139],"signal-to-noise":[140],"ratio":[141],"(PSNR)":[142],"mean":[144],"square":[145],"error.":[146],"robustness":[148],"analysis":[149],"ensured":[150],"that":[151],"outperforms":[156],"existing":[158],"methods":[159],"by":[160],"reaching":[161],"maximum":[163],"PSNR":[164],"72.74":[166],"dB.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-06T23:10:59.065948","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}