{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388501658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2023-0028","title":"Machine learning in AI Factories \u2013 five theses for developing, managing and maintaining data-driven artificial intelligence at large scale","display_name":"Machine learning in AI Factories \u2013 five theses for developing, managing and maintaining data-driven artificial intelligence at large scale","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388501658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2023-0028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/itit-2023-0028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2023-0028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229153","display_name":"it - Information Technology","issn_l":"1611-2776","issn":["1611-2776","2196-7032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319967","host_organization_name":"R. Oldenbourg Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319967"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["R. Oldenbourg Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"it - Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045019185","display_name":"W. Hildesheim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Hildesheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Germany , Hamburg , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Germany , Hamburg , Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019492854","display_name":"Taras Holoyad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333377046","display_name":"Bundesnetzagentur","ror":"https://ror.org/032v09t14","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333377046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taras Holoyad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bundesnetzagentur , Mainz , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bundesnetzagentur , Mainz , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333377046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033728229","display_name":"Thomas Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-4730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68956291","display_name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqaka33","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty , D-06112 Halle (Saale) , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty , D-06112 Halle (Saale) , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033728229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82568875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"4-5","first_page":"218","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13287","display_name":"Robotic Process Automation Applications","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6135703325271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5860204100608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","score":0.5775258541107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5763426423072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5490503907203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5443780422210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-planning-and-scheduling","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","score":0.4854055345058441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factory","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","score":0.4412490427494049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4304870367050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.41114550828933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11099761724472046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6135703325271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5860204100608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5775258541107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5763426423072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5490503907203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5443780422210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114073186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631895","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","level":2,"score":0.4854055345058441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.4412490427494049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4304870367050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.41114550828933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11099761724472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/itit-2023-0028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2023-0028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229153","display_name":"it - Information Technology","issn_l":"1611-2776","issn":["1611-2776","2196-7032"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319967","host_organization_name":"R. Oldenbourg Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319967"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["R. Oldenbourg Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"it - Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039450031","https://openalex.org/W2062848325","https://openalex.org/W2150291840","https://openalex.org/W2189162242","https://openalex.org/W2397066213","https://openalex.org/W2783936471","https://openalex.org/W2808540626","https://openalex.org/W2896151755","https://openalex.org/W2898017895","https://openalex.org/W2933247659","https://openalex.org/W2952393095","https://openalex.org/W2969928624","https://openalex.org/W2990827037","https://openalex.org/W3000392628","https://openalex.org/W3044761164","https://openalex.org/W3088471699","https://openalex.org/W3104128335","https://openalex.org/W3162612648","https://openalex.org/W3164934216","https://openalex.org/W3174752098","https://openalex.org/W3177667502","https://openalex.org/W3180253542","https://openalex.org/W3197940319","https://openalex.org/W3198739372","https://openalex.org/W3211982349","https://openalex.org/W3212020324","https://openalex.org/W3215970451","https://openalex.org/W4210736086","https://openalex.org/W4214903737","https://openalex.org/W4225716729","https://openalex.org/W4234992029","https://openalex.org/W4247740767","https://openalex.org/W4288079540","https://openalex.org/W4292745426","https://openalex.org/W4312460864","https://openalex.org/W4360995249","https://openalex.org/W4361839664","https://openalex.org/W4381232671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3172046280","https://openalex.org/W3154004055","https://openalex.org/W3159614211","https://openalex.org/W3172480937","https://openalex.org/W3110235425","https://openalex.org/W3170841837","https://openalex.org/W2955878371","https://openalex.org/W3144736789","https://openalex.org/W3132124030","https://openalex.org/W3216814722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"use":[2,172],"of":[3,18,39,55,110,123],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"(AI)":[6],"is":[7,88],"today\u2019s":[8],"dominating":[9],"technological":[10,48],"trend":[11],"across":[12],"all":[13],"industries.":[14],"With":[15],"the":[16,28,53,68,91,108,130],"maturing":[17],"deep":[19],"learning":[20],"and":[21,41,78,106,121,144,158],"other":[22],"data-driven":[23],"techniques,":[24],"AI":[25,57,80,96,104,111,124,132,163],"has":[26,65],"over":[27],"last":[29],"decade":[30],"become":[31],"an":[32,36,71,86,101],"essential":[33],"component":[34],"for":[35,70,103,162,169],"increasing":[37],"number":[38],"products":[40],"services.":[42],"In":[43],"parallel":[44],"to":[45,75,100],"this":[46],"development,":[47],"advances":[49],"have":[50],"been":[51,66],"accelerating":[52],"production":[54],"novel":[56],"models":[58,81,105,125],"from":[59],"large-scale":[60],"datasets.":[61],"This":[62,135],"global":[63],"phenomenon":[64],"driving":[67],"need":[69],"efficient":[72],"industrialized":[73],"approach":[74,87],"develop,":[76],"manage":[77],"maintain":[79],"at":[82,126],"large":[83],"scale.":[84],"Such":[85],"provided":[89],"by":[90],"state-of-the-art":[92],"operational":[93],"concept":[94],"termed":[95],"Factory,":[97],"which":[98],"refers":[99],"infrastructure":[102],"implements":[107],"idea":[109],"as":[112,175,177],"a":[113],"Service":[114],"(AIaaS).":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"it":[117],"ensures":[118],"performance,":[119],"transparency":[120],"reproducibility":[122],"any":[127],"point":[128],"in":[129,173],"continuous":[131],"development":[133],"process.":[134],"concept,":[136],"however,":[137],"does":[138],"not":[139],"only":[140],"require":[141],"new":[142,148],"technologies":[143],"architectures,":[145],"but":[146],"also":[147],"job":[149],"roles.":[150],"Here,":[151],"we":[152],"discuss":[153],"current":[154],"trends,":[155],"outline":[156],"requirements":[157],"identify":[159],"success":[160],"factors":[161],"Factories.":[164],"We":[165],"conclude":[166],"with":[167],"recommendations":[168],"their":[170],"successful":[171],"practice":[174],"well":[176],"perspectives":[178],"on":[179],"future":[180],"developments.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
