{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040966406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0188","title":"A Systematic Literature Review of Personality Trait Classification from Textual Content","display_name":"A Systematic Literature Review of Personality Trait Classification from Textual Content","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040966406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0188","mag":"3040966406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0188","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0188/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177004","display_name":"Open Computer Science","issn_l":"2299-1093","issn":["2299-1093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0188/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013850016","display_name":"Hussain Al-Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101673627","display_name":"Muhammad Zubair Asghar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-7823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zubair Asghar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036456609","display_name":"Alam Sher Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alam Sher Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046810321","display_name":"Anam Habib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anam Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing and Information Technology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan and 29220, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101673627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":2.0578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92146028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.5995373129844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5724926590919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.5134280920028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.5045214891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49590811133384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.49310991168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-five-personality-traits","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","score":0.4833945333957672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48212671279907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47376707196235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.45091044902801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.44575783610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4267967939376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4129379093647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35826271772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3227715492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.28076332807540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.20428204536437988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5995373129844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5724926590919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.5134280920028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5045214891433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49590811133384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.49310991168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.4833945333957672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48212671279907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47376707196235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.45091044902801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44575783610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4267967939376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4129379093647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35826271772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3227715492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28076332807540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20428204536437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0188","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0188/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177004","display_name":"Open Computer Science","issn_l":"2299-1093","issn":["2299-1093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:128ce2e2553f41f4a5e962e5f2f891c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/128ce2e2553f41f4a5e962e5f2f891c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 175-193 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0188","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0188/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177004","display_name":"Open Computer Science","issn_l":"2299-1093","issn":["2299-1093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040966406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040966406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111858957","https://openalex.org/W229704677","https://openalex.org/W745992696","https://openalex.org/W1500874408","https://openalex.org/W1581321454","https://openalex.org/W1687618488","https://openalex.org/W1737668050","https://openalex.org/W1987149018","https://openalex.org/W2002715976","https://openalex.org/W2089809964","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2183020509","https://openalex.org/W2257992348","https://openalex.org/W2275596573","https://openalex.org/W2286590041","https://openalex.org/W2298393688","https://openalex.org/W2397334085","https://openalex.org/W2406031554","https://openalex.org/W2423024114","https://openalex.org/W2534808068","https://openalex.org/W2576686289","https://openalex.org/W2586682968","https://openalex.org/W2591734753","https://openalex.org/W2593282256","https://openalex.org/W2599743206","https://openalex.org/W2604792326","https://openalex.org/W2605569534","https://openalex.org/W2638539251","https://openalex.org/W2739630558","https://openalex.org/W2757120799","https://openalex.org/W2774157693","https://openalex.org/W2784934784","https://openalex.org/W2803544005","https://openalex.org/W2806246579","https://openalex.org/W2807032982","https://openalex.org/W2809691505","https://openalex.org/W2902925346","https://openalex.org/W2963294679","https://openalex.org/W2973258416","https://openalex.org/W2973765428","https://openalex.org/W4231293711","https://openalex.org/W4231760770","https://openalex.org/W4233976328","https://openalex.org/W4236077918","https://openalex.org/W4394488892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381242807","https://openalex.org/W2751208925","https://openalex.org/W3126131230","https://openalex.org/W2347541121","https://openalex.org/W4288804799","https://openalex.org/W2080951048","https://openalex.org/W3125957671","https://openalex.org/W2767446002","https://openalex.org/W2898389145","https://openalex.org/W1966488223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"day-to-day":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,31,75,87,129,141,229],"digital":[5],"devices":[6],"with":[7],"Internet":[8,33],"access,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,133,135,225],"tablets":[12],"and":[13,21,34,80,107,112,131,149,162,178],"smartphones,":[14],"has":[15,23,231],"increased":[16],"exponentially":[17],"in":[18,72,198,208],"recent":[19],"years":[20],"this":[22,81,209,223,226],"had":[24],"a":[25,85,127],"consequent":[26],"effect":[27],"on":[28],"the":[29,32,73,119,139,174,186,199,204,215],"usage":[30],"social":[35,40,64],"media":[36,65],"networks.":[37],"When":[38],"using":[39,93],"networks,":[41],"people":[42],"share":[43],"personal":[44],"data":[45],"that":[46,59],"is":[47,67,220],"broadcast":[48],"between":[49,105],"users,":[50],"which":[51],"provides":[52,211],"useful":[53],"information":[54],"for":[55,138],"organizations.":[56],"This":[57,124,165,219],"means":[58],"characterizing":[60],"users":[61],"through":[62],"their":[63],"activity":[66],"an":[68],"emerging":[69],"research":[70,217],"area":[71],"field":[74,224],"Natural":[76],"Language":[77],"Processing":[78],"(NLP)":[79],"paper":[82,210],"will":[83,168,181],"present":[84],"review":[86,100,125,207],"how":[88],"personality":[89,146,176,200],"can":[90],"be":[91],"detected":[92],"online":[94],"content.":[95],"Approach":[96],"A":[97],"systematic":[98,205],"literature":[99,196,206],"identified":[101],"30":[102],"papers":[103],"published":[104],"2007":[106],"2019,":[108],"while":[109],"particular":[110,227],"inclusion":[111],"exclusion":[113],"criteria":[114],"were":[115,151],"used":[116],"to":[117,214,222],"select":[118],"most":[120],"relevant":[121,187],"articles.":[122],"Outcomes":[123],"describes":[126],"variety":[128],"challenges":[130],"trends,":[132],"well":[134],"providing":[136],"ideas":[137],"direction":[140],"future":[142],"research.":[143],"In":[144],"addition,":[145],"trait":[147,201],"identification":[148],"techniques":[150],"classified":[152],"into":[153,173],"different":[154],"types,":[155],"including":[156],"deep":[157],"learning,":[158],"machine":[159],"learning":[160],"(ML)":[161],"semi-supervised/hybrid.":[163],"Implications":[164],"paper\u2019s":[166],"outcomes":[167],"not":[169,232],"only":[170],"facilitate":[171],"insight":[172],"various":[175],"types":[177],"models":[179],"but":[180],"also":[182],"provide":[183],"knowledge":[184],"about":[185],"detection":[188,202],"techniques.":[189],"Novelty":[190],"While":[191],"prior":[192],"studies":[193],"have":[194],"conducted":[195,234],"reviews":[197],"field,":[203],"specific":[212],"answers":[213],"proposed":[216],"questions.":[218],"novel":[221],"type":[228],"study":[230],"been":[233],"before.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}