{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007805186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0004","title":"Inner For-Loop for Speeding Up Blockchain Mining","display_name":"Inner For-Loop for Speeding Up Blockchain Mining","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007805186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0004","mag":"3007805186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0004","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0004/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177004","display_name":"Open Computer Science","issn_l":"2299-1093","issn":["2299-1093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0004/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tosin P. Adewumi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tosin P. Adewumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marcus Liwicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Liwicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1078},"fwci":1.3923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86055697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.47530001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.47530001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.04259999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-nonce","display_name":"Cryptographic nonce","score":0.9412000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.7372000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.6797000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merkle-tree","display_name":"Merkle tree","score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9996903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749235","display_name":"Cryptographic nonce","level":3,"score":0.9412000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.7372000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7002000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.6797000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207468940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869370","display_name":"Brute-force attack","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986801135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209494","display_name":"Brute force","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190157925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605","display_name":"SHA-2","level":4,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94022561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172393","display_name":"Goodput","level":4,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0004","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0004/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177004","display_name":"Open Computer Science","issn_l":"2299-1093","issn":["2299-1093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.02770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02770","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.02770","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-76859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:457ca8dbbb5840149e8b0e94f99c1f3f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/457ca8dbbb5840149e8b0e94f99c1f3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 42-47 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/comp-2020-0004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0004","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/comp-2020-0004/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177004","display_name":"Open Computer Science","issn_l":"2299-1093","issn":["2299-1093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007805186.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007805186.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6688327391"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,103],"this":[2,104],"paper,":[3,105],"the":[4,9,36,45,65,69,106,115,145,153,155,159,161,172],"authors":[5],"propose":[6],"to":[7,35,89],"increase":[8],"efficiency":[10],"of":[11,68,134,144,175],"blockchain":[12],"mining":[13],"by":[14,42,71,177,181,184],"using":[15,110,182],"a":[16,29,75,86,122,164,168],"population-based":[17,116],"approach.":[18,117],"Blockchain":[19],"relies":[20],"on":[21,170],"solving":[22,49],"difficult":[23],"mathematical":[24],"problems":[25],"as":[26,44],"proof-of-work":[27],"within":[28],"network":[30],"before":[31],"blocks":[32],"are":[33],"added":[34],"chain.":[37],"Brute":[38],"force":[39],"approach,":[40],"advocated":[41],"some":[43],"fastest":[46],"algorithm":[47],"for":[48,114],"partial":[50],"hash":[51,78],"collisions":[52],"and":[53,82,101,142],"implemented":[54],"in":[55],"Bitcoin":[56],"blockchain,":[57],"implies":[58],"exhaustive,":[59],"sequential":[60],"search.":[61],"It":[62,96],"involves":[63],"incrementing":[64],"nonce":[66],"(number)":[67],"header":[70],"one,":[72],"then":[73],"taking":[74],"double":[76],"SHA-256":[77],"at":[79],"each":[80],"instance":[81],"comparing":[83],"it":[84],"with":[85,129],"target":[87],"value":[88],"ascertain":[90],"if":[91],"lower":[92],"than":[93,126],"that":[94,120,152],"target.":[95],"excessively":[97],"consumes":[98],"both":[99],"time":[100,146],"power.":[102],"authors,":[107],"therefore,":[108],"suggest":[109],"an":[111,130],"inner":[112],"for-loop":[113],"Comparison":[118],"shows":[119],"it\u2019s":[121],"slightly":[123],"faster":[124],"approach":[125],"brute":[127],"force,":[128],"average":[131],"speed":[132],"advantage":[133],"about":[135],"1.67%":[136],"or":[137],"3,420":[138],"iterations":[139],"per":[140],"second":[141],"73%":[143],"performing":[147],"better.":[148],"Also,":[149],"we":[150],"observed":[151],"more":[154],"total":[156],"particles":[157],"deployed,":[158],"better":[160],"performance":[162],"until":[163],"pivotal":[165],"point.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"recommendation":[169],"taming":[171],"excessive":[173],"use":[174],"power":[176],"networks,":[178],"like":[179],"Bitcoin\u2019s,":[180],"penalty":[183],"consensus":[185],"is":[186],"suggested.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-03-06T00:00:00"}
