{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168242542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bams-2013-0106","title":"3D PET image reconstruction based on the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLEM) algorithm","display_name":"3D PET image reconstruction based on the maximum likelihood estimation method (MLEM) algorithm","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168242542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bams-2013-0106","mag":"2168242542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/bams-2013-0106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bams-2013-0106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764861201","display_name":"Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems","issn_l":"1895-9091","issn":["1895-9091","1896-530X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.06889","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Artur S\u0142omski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Artur S\u0142omski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zbigniew Rudy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Rudy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tomasz Bednarski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Bednarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Piotr Bia\u0142as","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Bia\u0142as","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eryk Czerwi\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eryk Czerwi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u0141ukasz Kap\u0142on","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Kap\u0142on","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrzej Kochanowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Kochanowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Grzegorz Korcyl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Korcyl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jakub Kowal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Kowal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Kowalski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097150","display_name":"National Centre for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00nzsxq20","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097150"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tomasz Kozik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Kozik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wojciech Krzemie\u0144","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Krzemie\u0144","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marcin Molenda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Molenda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Moskal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Moskal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Szymon Nied\u017awiecki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon Nied\u017awiecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marek Pa\u0142ka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Pa\u0142ka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Monika Pawlik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Pawlik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lech Raczy\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097150","display_name":"National Centre for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00nzsxq20","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097150"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lech Raczy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Piotr Salabura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Salabura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Neha Gupta-Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Gupta-Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Micha\u0142 Silarski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Silarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jerzy Smyrski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerzy Smyrski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adam Strzelecki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Strzelecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wojciech Wi\u015blicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097150","display_name":"National Centre for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00nzsxq20","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097150"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Wi\u015blicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swierk Computing Centre, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Swierk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marcin Zieli\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Zieli\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Natalia Zo\u0144","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Zo\u0144","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":26,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7229717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12579","display_name":"Muon and positron interactions and applications","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positron-emission-tomography","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconstruction-algorithm","display_name":"Reconstruction algorithm","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42410001158714294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5634999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4943000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820109","display_name":"Reconstruction algorithm","level":3,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/bams-2013-0106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bams-2013-0106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764861201","display_name":"Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems","issn_l":"1895-9091","issn":["1895-9091","1896-530X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1504.06889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.06889","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.06889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/7600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/7600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1504.06889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.06889","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.06889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"positron":[2],"emission":[3],"tomography":[4],"(PET)":[5],"scan":[6,16],"does":[7],"not":[8],"measure":[9],"an":[10,77,151],"image":[11,78,87,124,152],"directly.":[12],"Instead,":[13],"a":[14,18,47,53,118,135],"PET":[15,55,86],"measures":[17],"sinogram":[19],"at":[20],"the":[21,24,31,35,38,41,66,92,106,123,154,157],"boundary":[22],"of":[23,28,30,33,49,94,108,122,140,142,146,156],"field-of-view":[25],"that":[26,63],"consists":[27],"measurements":[29],"sums":[32],"all":[34],"counts":[36],"along":[37],"lines":[39,141],"connecting":[40],"two":[42],"detectors.":[43],"Because":[44],"there":[45,57],"is":[46,70,80,127],"multitude":[48],"detectors":[50],"built":[51],"in":[52,85,160],"typical":[54],"structure,":[56],"are":[58],"many":[59],"possible":[60],"detector":[61],"pairs":[62],"pertain":[64],"to":[65,72,128,149],"measurement.":[67],"The":[68,120],"problem":[69],"how":[71],"turn":[73],"this":[74,130],"measurement":[75],"into":[76],"(this":[79],"called":[81],"imaging).":[82],"Significant":[83],"improvement":[84],"quality":[88],"was":[89,99],"achieved":[90],"with":[91],"introduction":[93],"iterative":[95],"reconstruction":[96,125],"techniques.":[97],"This":[98],"realized":[100],"approximately":[101],"20":[102],"years":[103],"ago":[104],"(with":[105],"advent":[107],"new":[109],"powerful":[110],"computing":[111],"processors).":[112],"However,":[113],"three-dimensional":[114],"imaging":[115],"still":[116],"remains":[117],"challenge.":[119],"purpose":[121],"algorithm":[126],"process":[129],"imperfect":[131],"count":[132],"data":[133],"for":[134],"large":[136],"number":[137],"(many":[138],"millions)":[139],"response":[143],"and":[144],"millions":[145],"detected":[147],"photons":[148],"produce":[150],"showing":[153],"distribution":[155],"labeled":[158],"molecules":[159],"space.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
