{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2977510036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0039","title":"An architecture of an Intelligent Digital Twin in a Cyber-Physical Production System","display_name":"An architecture of an Intelligent Digital Twin in a Cyber-Physical Production System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2977510036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0039","mag":"2977510036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/auto-2019-0039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0039","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/auto/67/9/article-p762.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170077","display_name":"at - Automatisierungstechnik","issn_l":"0178-2312","issn":["0178-2312","2196-677X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319967","host_organization_name":"R. Oldenbourg Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319967"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["R. Oldenbourg Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"at - Automatisierungstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/auto/67/9/article-p762.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039661126","display_name":"Behrang Ashtari Talkhestani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-937X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behrang Ashtari Talkhestani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050771291","display_name":"Tobias Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105421416","display_name":"B. Lindemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Lindemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035919213","display_name":"Nada Sahlab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-8885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Sahlab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042926074","display_name":"Nasser Jazdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-0911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Jazdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046718411","display_name":"Wolfgang Schloegl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Schloegl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG , Digital Factory Division, Product Lifecycle Management, Digital Engineering Automation Designer , Gleiwitzerstra\u00dfe 555 , Nuremberg , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG , Digital Factory Division, Product Lifecycle Management, Digital Engineering Automation Designer , Gleiwitzerstra\u00dfe 555 , Nuremberg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072168528","display_name":"Michael Weyrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Weyrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 47 , Stuttgart , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039661126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.3488,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":298,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9959567,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"9","first_page":"762","last_page":"782"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13181","display_name":"Economic and Technological Systems Analysis","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5650036334991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5015413761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4765370786190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.46292543411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4598568081855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.43629881739616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-architecture","display_name":"Reference architecture","score":0.4293896555900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32784292101860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26863929629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.15867045521736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08714291453361511}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5650036334991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5015413761138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4765370786190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.46292543411254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4598568081855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.43629881739616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.4293896555900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32784292101860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26863929629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.15867045521736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08714291453361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/auto-2019-0039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0039","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/auto/67/9/article-p762.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170077","display_name":"at - Automatisierungstechnik","issn_l":"0178-2312","issn":["0178-2312","2196-677X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319967","host_organization_name":"R. Oldenbourg Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319967"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["R. Oldenbourg Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"at - Automatisierungstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/auto-2019-0039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2019-0039","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/auto/67/9/article-p762.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170077","display_name":"at - Automatisierungstechnik","issn_l":"0178-2312","issn":["0178-2312","2196-677X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319967","host_organization_name":"R. Oldenbourg Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319967"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["R. Oldenbourg Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"at - Automatisierungstechnik","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11964122","https://openalex.org/W13272695","https://openalex.org/W61139237","https://openalex.org/W189358903","https://openalex.org/W2018887192","https://openalex.org/W2059384825","https://openalex.org/W2069435532","https://openalex.org/W2092211256","https://openalex.org/W2169239645","https://openalex.org/W2346505350","https://openalex.org/W2397557143","https://openalex.org/W2476787517","https://openalex.org/W2480226952","https://openalex.org/W2482127302","https://openalex.org/W2516320770","https://openalex.org/W2550374594","https://openalex.org/W2561457954","https://openalex.org/W2755475687","https://openalex.org/W2759991170","https://openalex.org/W2770980461","https://openalex.org/W2783111887","https://openalex.org/W2788308899","https://openalex.org/W2794202219","https://openalex.org/W2798830695","https://openalex.org/W2799665398","https://openalex.org/W2809837923","https://openalex.org/W2810527906","https://openalex.org/W2883557396","https://openalex.org/W2885191650","https://openalex.org/W2890418156","https://openalex.org/W2890904471","https://openalex.org/W2899007640","https://openalex.org/W2921923287","https://openalex.org/W2922299424","https://openalex.org/W3113692019","https://openalex.org/W3114516036","https://openalex.org/W3116826735","https://openalex.org/W4231432111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W2769996735","https://openalex.org/W2260963831","https://openalex.org/W4235249401","https://openalex.org/W2331305369","https://openalex.org/W2356280685","https://openalex.org/W2971512416","https://openalex.org/W2380240402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,171],"role":[2],"of":[3,13,23,40,60,77,122,147,155,168,181,221],"a":[4,33,41,61,87,125,156,195,203,222],"Digital":[5,24,42,62,79,88,96,126,157,161,173,196,225],"Twin":[6,25,43,63,80,89,97,127,162,174],"is":[7,69],"increasingly":[8],"discussed":[9],"within":[10],"the":[11,21,57,78,120,123,134,141,145,153,166,179,182,191,201,219],"context":[12],"Cyber-Physical":[14,184],"Production":[15,185],"Systems.":[16,186],"Accordingly,":[17],"various":[18,46,72],"architectures":[19,76],"for":[20,86,93,178,194,205,218],"realization":[22,180],"use":[26,47,106],"cases":[27,48,107],"are":[28,81,102,117],"conceptualized.":[29],"There":[30],"lacks,":[31],"however,":[32],"clear,":[34],"encompassing":[35],"architecture":[36,85,92,193],"covering":[37],"necessary":[38],"components":[39,101],"to":[44,151,189],"realize":[45,190],"in":[49,64],"an":[50,65,84,91,94,159,215],"intelligent":[51,66],"automation":[52,67],"system.":[53],"In":[54,119,149,187],"this":[55],"contribution,":[56],"added":[58],"value":[59],"system":[68],"highlighted":[70],"and":[71,75,90,98,111,114,144,209,229],"existing":[73],"definitions":[74],"discussed.":[82],"Flowingly,":[83],"Intelligent":[95,160,172],"their":[99],"required":[100],"proposed,":[103],"with":[104,133],"which":[105],"such":[108],"as":[109,212,214],"plug":[110],"produce,":[112],"self-x":[113],"predictive":[115],"maintenance":[116],"enabled.":[118],"opinion":[121],"authors,":[124],"requires":[128],"three":[129],"main":[130],"characteristics:":[131],"synchronization":[132],"real":[135,142],"asset,":[136],"active":[137],"data":[138,207,210],"acquisition":[139,208],"from":[140],"environment":[143],"ability":[146],"simulation.":[148],"addition":[150],"all":[152],"characteristics":[154,167],"Twin,":[158,197],"must":[163],"also":[164],"include":[165],"Artificial":[169],"Intelligence.":[170],"can":[175],"be":[176],"used":[177],"autonomous":[183],"order":[188],"proposed":[192],"several":[198],"methods,":[199],"namely":[200],"Anchor-Point-Method,":[202],"method":[204,217],"heterogeneous":[206],"integration":[211],"well":[213],"agent-based":[216],"development":[220],"co-simulation":[223],"between":[224],"Twins":[226],"were":[227],"implemented":[228],"evaluated.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}