{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408077687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2025.144711","title":"An innovative approach based on clustering and digital signature to prevent black hole attack from vehicular ad-hoc network","display_name":"An innovative approach based on clustering and digital signature to prevent black hole attack from vehicular ad-hoc network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408077687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2025.144711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijcnds.2025.144711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2025.144711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156554173","display_name":"International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1754-3916","issn":["1754-3916","1754-3924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081798512","display_name":"Shahjahan Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116943215","display_name":"Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h56sg55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116943215"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahjahan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116943215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024247950","display_name":"Parma Nand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4920-5579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74885063","display_name":"Sharda University","ror":"https://ror.org/03b6ffh07","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74885063"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parma Nand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74885063"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048993540","display_name":"Shailesh Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116943215","display_name":"Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h56sg55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116943215"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailesh Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KIET, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KIET, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116943215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02514156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"221","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8498157262802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.6894875764846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6831666827201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-drop-attack","display_name":"Packet drop attack","score":0.6694437265396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.6159051060676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5270552635192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.5122929811477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.5045434236526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.4906534254550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","score":0.4410148561000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35319963097572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.12928277254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12189856171607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11692383885383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09867441654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.08146342635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.06807821989059448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8498157262802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6894875764846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6831666827201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35546906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2900718","display_name":"Packet drop attack","level":5,"score":0.6694437265396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.6159051060676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5270552635192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.5122929811477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5045434236526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4906534254550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.4410148561000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35319963097572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.12928277254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12189856171607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11692383885383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09867441654205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.08146342635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.06807821989059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijcnds.2025.144711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2025.144711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156554173","display_name":"International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1754-3916","issn":["1754-3916","1754-3924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2265231577","https://openalex.org/W1123412569","https://openalex.org/W3013627169","https://openalex.org/W2149234266","https://openalex.org/W2390942931","https://openalex.org/W26370491","https://openalex.org/W1932157736","https://openalex.org/W2329117749","https://openalex.org/W2765741883","https://openalex.org/W2348930284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,82,132],"broad":[2],"development":[3],"in":[4,47,111,142],"wireless":[5,30],"technology,":[6],"vehicular":[7],"ad-hoc":[8,91],"networks":[9],"(VANETs)":[10],"came":[11],"into":[12],"existence":[13],"which":[14,48,60],"can":[15,22,53],"reduce":[16],"road":[17,24],"accidents,":[18],"traffic":[19],"jams":[20],"and":[21,76,97,109,113],"increase":[23],"safety.":[25],"Because":[26],"of":[27,102,118],"dynamic":[28,98],"topology,":[29],"medium,":[31],"decentralised":[32],"infrastructure,":[33],"VANET":[34],"is":[35,80,107,122],"much":[36],"more":[37],"suspected":[38],"towards":[39],"various":[40],"security":[41],"attacks":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"black":[45,84,135],"hole":[46,85,136],"control":[49],"or":[50],"data":[51],"packets":[52],"be":[54],"dropped":[55],"by":[56,59],"misbehaving":[57],"vehicle,":[58],"the":[61,134],"safe":[62],"path/link":[63],"becomes":[64],"compromised.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67,119],"research":[68,120],"paper":[69],"an":[70],"innovative":[71],"approach":[72,106,127],"based":[73],"on":[74,87,92,129],"clustering":[75],"digital":[77],"signature":[78],"(CDS)":[79],"proposed":[81,105],"prevent":[83,133],"attack":[86],"reactive":[88,140],"routing,":[89],"i.e.,":[90],"demand":[93],"distance":[94],"vector":[95],"(AODV)":[96],"source":[99],"routing":[100,141],"(DSR)":[101],"VANET.":[103,143],"The":[104,116],"implemented":[108],"evaluated":[110],"SUMO-0.32.0":[112],"NS-3.24.1":[114],"simulators.":[115],"novelty":[117],"work":[121],"that":[123],"until":[124],"now":[125],"no":[126],"(based":[128],"CDS)":[130],"existed":[131],"assault":[137],"(BHA)":[138],"from":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}