{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2556136826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2016.10001557","title":"Typical modes and characteristics of reverse innovation: a multiple cases study on five enterprises operated in China","display_name":"Typical modes and characteristics of reverse innovation: a multiple cases study on five enterprises operated in China","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2556136826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2016.10001557","mag":"2556136826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijtm.2016.10001557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2016.10001557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171720814","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Management","issn_l":"0267-5730","issn":["0267-5730","1741-5276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073397589","display_name":"Zongxi Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongxi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786025","display_name":"Jin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-9237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029202407","display_name":"Gang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-791X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79670037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1/2/3","first_page":"43","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.9039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.9039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-logistics","display_name":"Reverse logistics","score":0.8214224576950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.6425588726997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.6277074217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6246469020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-innovation","display_name":"Product innovation","score":0.5601661801338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization","display_name":"Internationalization","score":0.49673086404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4952355921268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.48509347438812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.3483524024486542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.30165550112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19991150498390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.12686648964881897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345498","display_name":"Reverse logistics","level":3,"score":0.8214224576950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.6425588726997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.6277074217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6246469020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75434695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247768","display_name":"Product innovation","level":2,"score":0.5601661801338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.49673086404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4952355921268463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48509347438812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3483524024486542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.30165550112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19991150498390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.12686648964881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijtm.2016.10001557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2016.10001557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171720814","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Management","issn_l":"0267-5730","issn":["0267-5730","1741-5276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355899978","https://openalex.org/W3197576131","https://openalex.org/W3136626957","https://openalex.org/W2367521836","https://openalex.org/W2372917950","https://openalex.org/W2551469356","https://openalex.org/W2363831530","https://openalex.org/W2592030776","https://openalex.org/W3084149923","https://openalex.org/W2070463782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Along":[0],"with":[1,116],"the":[2,4,13,101,109],"internationalisation,":[3],"products":[5,95],"designed":[6],"for":[7],"emerging":[8],"market":[9,14],"start":[10],"to":[11],"enter":[12],"of":[15,28,44,51,61,87,92,103],"developed":[16],"country.":[17],"Reverse":[18],"innovations":[19],"become":[20],"more":[21],"common.":[22],"Study":[23],"on":[24],"reverse":[25,45,62,66,69,73,80,93,104,121],"innovation":[26,46,63,70,81,86,94,105,122],"worth":[27],"great":[29],"theoretical":[30],"and":[31,40,56,71,111],"practical":[32],"meaning.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35],"summarised":[36],"three":[37,59],"typical":[38],"modes":[39,60],"concluded":[41],"four":[42,76],"characteristics":[43,77],"through":[47],"multiple":[48],"cases":[49],"study":[50],"H3C,":[52],"King-Mazon,":[53],"Cisco,":[54],"HP":[55],"GE.":[57],"The":[58,75],"are":[64],"product-driven":[65],"innovation,":[67],"capital-driven":[68],"cooperation-driven":[72],"innovation.":[74],"are:":[78],"1)":[79],"is":[82],"usually":[83],"an":[84],"incremental":[85],"low-end":[88],"product;":[89],"2)":[90],"most":[91],"have":[96],"high":[97],"cost":[98],"performance;":[99],"3)":[100],"advantage":[102],"mainly":[106],"come":[107],"from":[108],"R&D":[110],"manufacture":[112],"process;":[113],"4)":[114],"align":[115],"external":[117],"organisations":[118],"can":[119],"accelerate":[120],"process.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}