{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009017157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsse.2020.10031364","title":"Towards Digital Engineering -- The Advent of Digital Systems Engineering","display_name":"Towards Digital Engineering -- The Advent of Digital Systems Engineering","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009017157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsse.2020.10031364","mag":"3009017157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijsse.2020.10031364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsse.2020.10031364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84712792","display_name":"International Journal of System of Systems Engineering","issn_l":"1748-0671","issn":["1748-0671","1748-068X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of System of Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.11672","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ghaith Rabadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghaith Rabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Resit Unal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Resit Unal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Teddy Cotter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teddy Cotter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rafael Landaeta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Landaeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Charles Daniels","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Daniels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andres Sousa Poza","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Sousa Poza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Charles Keating","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Keating","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew Collins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Samuel Kovacic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Kovacic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Ariel Pinto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Ariel Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pilar Pazos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pilar Pazos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Holly Handley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holly Handley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingwei Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adrian V. Gheorghe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian V. Gheorghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Old Dominion University, 2101 Engineering Systems Building, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219","https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1488,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42079512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.10459999740123749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.093299999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.7391999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.652899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.35040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.7391999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.652899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5283578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60596709","display_name":"Information engineering","level":3,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17632256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076968","display_name":"Digital media","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95764724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663738","display_name":"System of systems engineering","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijsse.2020.10031364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsse.2020.10031364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84712792","display_name":"International Journal of System of Systems Engineering","issn_l":"1748-0671","issn":["1748-0671","1748-068X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of System of Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.11672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.11672","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.11672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.11672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.11672","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.11672","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1879067078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1828593","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7281131780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1828593","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009017157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009017157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"engineering,":[1,19],"the":[2,66],"digital":[3,9,17,31,63,72,83,92,118,148],"transformation":[4],"of":[5,91,106,109,147],"engineering":[6,32,40,70,94,135],"to":[7,29,38,71],"leverage":[8],"technologies,":[10],"is":[11,37],"coming":[12],"globally.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"explores":[16],"systems":[18,93],"which":[20],"aims":[21],"at":[22],"developing":[23],"theory,":[24],"methods,":[25],"models,":[26],"and":[27,45,49,55,61,85,101,115,125,140,142],"tools":[28],"support":[30],"practice.":[33],"A":[34],"critical":[35],"task":[36],"digitalise":[39],"artefacts,":[41,82,136],"thus":[42],"enabling":[43,62],"information":[44,123],"model":[46,138],"sharing,":[47],"traceability,":[48],"accountability":[50,126],"across":[51,53,56],"platforms,":[52],"lifecycle,":[54],"domains.":[57],"We":[58],"identify":[59],"challenges":[60],"technologies;":[64,119],"analyse":[65],"transition":[67],"from":[68],"traditional":[69],"engineering;":[73],"define":[74],"core":[75],"concepts,":[76],"including":[77],"digitalisation,":[78],"unique":[79,120],"identification,":[80],"digitalised":[81],"augmentation,":[84],"others;":[86],"present":[87],"a":[88],"big":[89],"picture":[90],"in":[95,127],"four":[96],"levels:":[97],"vision,":[98],"strategy,":[99],"action,":[100],"foundation;":[102],"briefly":[103],"discuss":[104],"each":[105],"main":[107],"areas":[108],"research.":[110],"Digitalisation":[111],"enables":[112,122,130],"fast":[113],"infusing":[114],"leveraging":[116],"novel":[117],"identification":[121],"traceability":[124],"lifecycle;":[128],"provenance":[129],"tracing":[131],"dependency":[132],"relations":[133],"among":[134],"supporting":[137],"reproducibility":[139],"replicability,":[141],"helping":[143],"with":[144],"trustworthiness":[145],"evaluation":[146],"artefacts.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2020-03-06T00:00:00"}