{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2574445914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2017.10002577","title":"Effect of trigonometric functions-based watermarking on blood vessel extraction: an application in ophthalmology imaging","display_name":"Effect of trigonometric functions-based watermarking on blood vessel extraction: an application in ophthalmology imaging","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2574445914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2017.10002577","mag":"2574445914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijes.2017.10002577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2017.10002577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204369148","display_name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","issn_l":"1741-1068","issn":["1741-1068","1741-1076"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102504336","display_name":"Sheli Sinha Chaudhuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-6551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheli Sinha Chaudhuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102509938","display_name":"Achintya Das","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77501641","display_name":"University of Kalyani","ror":"https://ror.org/03v783k16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achintya Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600959","display_name":"Sayan Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-6415"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayan Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bengal College of Engineering and Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bengal College of Engineering and Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007021579","display_name":"Prasenjit Maji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-6963"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasenjit Maji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bengal College of Engineering and Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bengal College of Engineering and Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000975435","display_name":"Nilanjan Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8437-498X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nilanjan Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007883372","display_name":"Sk. Saddam Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77501641","display_name":"University of Kalyani","ror":"https://ror.org/03v783k16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sk. Saddam Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77501641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5450465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"90","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8429648876190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6862987875938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.580802321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5615214705467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.516948401927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4541262686252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.4411660432815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4239291250705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32802915573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3173356056213379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2665981352329254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.16550037264823914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8429648876190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6862987875938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.580802321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5615214705467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.516948401927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4541262686252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.4411660432815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4239291250705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32802915573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3173356056213379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2665981352329254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.16550037264823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijes.2017.10002577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2017.10002577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204369148","display_name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","issn_l":"1741-1068","issn":["1741-1068","1741-1076"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163290991","https://openalex.org/W2383936620","https://openalex.org/W2361184779","https://openalex.org/W2474386553","https://openalex.org/W2125329004","https://openalex.org/W3174961728","https://openalex.org/W2112962431","https://openalex.org/W2242184282","https://openalex.org/W4288057808","https://openalex.org/W1996690921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,33,100,105,110,129,160,163],"growth":[2],"of":[3,14,36,64,66,109,118,131,133,162],"globalisation,":[4],"security":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"a":[8],"major":[9],"concern":[10],"in":[11,91,107,120],"digital":[12],"exchange":[13],"medical":[15,27],"information.":[16],"Data":[17],"hiding,":[18],"also":[19],"referred":[20],"as":[21],"watermarking,":[22],"was":[23],"introduced":[24],"to":[25,103,141],"authenticate":[26],"data":[28],"which":[29],"is":[30,52,77,84,97],"sent":[31],"over":[32],"network.":[34],"Watermarking":[35],"electronic":[37],"patient":[38],"reports":[39],"(EPR)":[40],"for":[41,55,59],"telemedicine":[42],"demands":[43],"robust,":[44],"imperceptible,":[45],"high":[46,149],"payload":[47],"techniques.":[48],"Blood":[49],"vessel":[50,73,96,134],"extraction":[51,61,135],"mainly":[53],"used":[54],"diabetic":[56],"retinopathy":[57],"(DR)":[58],"automatic":[60],"and":[62,88,125,148,155],"classification":[63],"severity":[65],"diseases.":[67],"In":[68],"our":[69],"current":[70],"work,":[71],"blood":[72,95],"from":[74,99],"fundus":[75,92,121],"images":[76,122],"extracted":[78,98],"using":[79,86],"K-means":[80],"segmentation.":[81],"Afterwards,":[82],"EPR":[83],"hidden":[85],"interpolation":[87],"trigonometric":[89],"functions":[90],"image.":[93],"Finally,":[94],"watermarked":[101,156],"image":[102],"measure":[104],"changes":[106],"accuracy":[108,119,136],"proposed":[111,164],"system.":[112],"The":[113],"percentage":[114],"difference":[115],"(<":[116],"0.25%)":[117],"before":[123],"watermarking":[124,127,166],"after":[126],"claims":[128],"retention":[130],"devalorisation":[132],"measurement.":[137],"High":[138],"peak":[139],"signal":[140],"noise":[142],"ratio":[143],"(PSNR)":[144],"value":[145],"(>":[146,151],"36)":[147],"correlation":[150],"87%)":[152],"between":[153],"original":[154],"retinal":[157],"image,":[158],"establishes":[159],"robustness":[161],"non-blind":[165],"method.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}