{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239183481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcvr.2016.10000132","title":"Neuro-fuzzy fusion in a multimodal face recognition using PCA, ICA and SIFT","display_name":"Neuro-fuzzy fusion in a multimodal face recognition using PCA, ICA and SIFT","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239183481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcvr.2016.10000132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijcvr.2016.10000132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcvr.2016.10000132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11968101","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics","issn_l":"1752-9131","issn":["1752-9131","1752-914X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002804096","display_name":"Vandana S. Bhat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-5219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134729","display_name":"SDM College of Medical Science and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03kb9y492","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134729"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vandana S. Bhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad - 580 002, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad - 580 002, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134729"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077878327","display_name":"Jagadeesh Pujari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-4946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134729","display_name":"SDM College of Medical Science and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03kb9y492","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134729"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagadeesh D. Pujari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science and Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad - 580 002, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science and Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad - 580 002, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134729"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134729"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30772356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"414","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7896543741226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7888547778129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7271849513053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6579192876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.6447125673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5984538197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5698508024215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.5632592439651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4393627643585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenface","display_name":"Eigenface","score":0.437685489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4236326813697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.41723692417144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34287530183792114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7896543741226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7888547778129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7271849513053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6579192876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6447125673294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5984538197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5698508024215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.5632592439651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4393627643585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104906051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29695","display_name":"Eigenface","level":4,"score":0.437685489654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4236326813697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.41723692417144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34287530183792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijcvr.2016.10000132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcvr.2016.10000132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11968101","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics","issn_l":"1752-9131","issn":["1752-9131","1752-914X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160911891","https://openalex.org/W2797230162","https://openalex.org/W2779406006","https://openalex.org/W2292842372","https://openalex.org/W2000101267","https://openalex.org/W2391937622","https://openalex.org/W4364362336","https://openalex.org/W2086208164","https://openalex.org/W2340256886","https://openalex.org/W1994017132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1,23,55,64,140],"has":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5,28],"in":[6,143],"much":[7],"real-time":[8],"application":[9],"for":[10,40,62,75,117],"biometric":[11],"authentication.":[12],"This":[13,72,133],"paper":[14],"is":[15,58,108,126],"discussed":[16],"with":[17,24,47,145],"the":[18,54,59,66,136],"implementation":[19],"of":[20,69,78,131,139],"multimodal":[21],"face":[22,63],"neuro-fuzzy":[25],"fusion.":[26],"We":[27],"principal":[29],"component":[30,33,90],"analysis,":[31],"independent":[32],"analysis":[34],"and":[35,43,97,125,153],"scale":[36,109],"invariant":[37,110,121],"feature":[38,41,111,119],"transform":[39,112],"extraction":[42],"result":[44],"are":[45],"fused":[46],"neuro":[48,146],"fuzzy":[49,147],"inference":[50,148],"system":[51,149],"to":[52,122],"obtain":[53],"ID.":[56],"PCA":[57],"statistical":[60],"method":[61,74,106,141],"under":[65],"enormous":[67],"subject":[68],"'factor":[70],"analysis'.":[71],"unsupervised":[73],"a":[76],"set":[77],"reference":[79],"images":[80,98],"represents":[81],"faces":[82],"as":[83,95],"linear":[84],"combination.":[85],"The":[86],"generalised":[87],"expression":[88],"(independent":[89],"analysis)":[91],"can":[92],"treat":[93],"pixels":[94],"observations":[96],"at":[99],"random":[100],"variables":[101],"or":[102],"vice":[103],"versa.":[104],"Another":[105],"considered":[107],"that":[113],"scales":[114],"histogram":[115],"orientation":[116],"dominant":[118],"determination":[120],"illumination,":[123],"rotation":[124],"robust":[127],"against":[128],"considerable":[129],"amount":[130],"noise.":[132],"research":[134],"studies":[135],"performance":[137],"evaluation":[138],"constructed":[142],"union":[144],"employing":[150],"PCA,":[151],"ICA":[152],"SIFT.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}