{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783390501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijact.2017.10010315","title":"Trustworthy public randomness with sloth, unicorn, and trx","display_name":"Trustworthy public randomness with sloth, unicorn, and trx","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783390501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijact.2017.10010315","mag":"2783390501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijact.2017.10010315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijact.2017.10010315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55392106","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Cryptography","issn_l":"1753-0563","issn":["1753-0563","1753-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109240185","display_name":"Arjen K. Lenstra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjen K. Lenstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Station 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Station 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071198706","display_name":"Benjamin Wesolowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1249-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Wesolowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Station 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Station 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84218888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"330","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sloth","display_name":"Sloth","score":0.8974132537841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicorn","display_name":"Unicorn","score":0.839238166809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6647403240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6383076906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6204266548156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5402360558509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5213978886604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33307600021362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3311949670314789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24207419157028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16414284706115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.08049333095550537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274076","display_name":"Sloth","level":2,"score":0.8974132537841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780734062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3549947","display_name":"Unicorn","level":2,"score":0.839238166809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6647403240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6383076906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6204266548156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5402360558509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5213978886604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33307600021362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3311949670314789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24207419157028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16414284706115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.08049333095550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1504/ijact.2017.10010315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijact.2017.10010315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55392106","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Cryptography","issn_l":"1753-0563","issn":["1753-0563","1753-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317825","host_organization_name":"Inderscience Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Inderscience Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499383284","https://openalex.org/W627165546","https://openalex.org/W3108531707","https://openalex.org/W624306106","https://openalex.org/W3094478971","https://openalex.org/W3112272529","https://openalex.org/W4382024023","https://openalex.org/W2423756825","https://openalex.org/W1977992006","https://openalex.org/W2394831348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"applications":[1],"require":[2],"trustworthy":[3,65],"generation":[4,54],"of":[5,34],"public":[6],"random":[7,52,66],"numbers.":[8],"It":[9,42],"is":[10,22,43],"shown":[11,44],"how":[12,45,57],"this":[13],"can":[14,38,47,59],"be":[15,25,39,48,60],"achieved":[16],"using":[17],"a":[18,63],"hash":[19,37],"function":[20],"that":[21],"timed":[23],"to":[24],"as":[26,28],"slow":[27],"desired":[29],"(sloth),":[30],"while":[31],"the":[32,35],"correctness":[33],"resulting":[36],"verified":[40],"quickly.":[41],"sloth":[46],"used":[49,61],"for":[50,62],"uncontestable":[51],"number":[53],"(unicorn),":[55],"and":[56,71],"unicorn":[58],"new":[64],"elliptic":[67],"curves":[68],"service":[69],"(trx)":[70],"random-sample":[72],"voting.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}