{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414041777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3746405.3746411","title":"The LAW Theorem: Local Reads and Linearizable Asynchronous Replication","display_name":"The LAW Theorem: Local Reads and Linearizable Asynchronous Replication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414041777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3746405.3746411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/3746405.3746411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3746405.3746411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/262b12d0-592f-4884-a14a-20a250327427","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037759215","display_name":"Antonios Katsarakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-435X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Katsarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063614902","display_name":"Vasilis Gavrielatos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2933-2688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasilis Gavrielatos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092834745","display_name":"Emmanouil Giortamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3638-2969"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Giortamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Munich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Munich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002550391","display_name":"Pramod Bhatotia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-5735"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Bhatotia","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Munich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Munich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070096854","display_name":"Aleksandar Dragojevi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161460","display_name":"OpenAI (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05wx9n238","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar Dragojevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenAI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenAI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010276850","display_name":"Boris Grot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-0762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Grot","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056071760","display_name":"Vijay Nagarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5045-4754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Nagarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019462315","display_name":"Panagiota Fatourou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-6895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiota Fatourou","raw_affiliation_strings":["FORTH ICS and University of Crete"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FORTH ICS and University of Crete","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82500992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"2831","last_page":"2845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.8346999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replica","display_name":"Replica","score":0.727400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearizability","display_name":"Linearizability","score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4185999929904938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.8346999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775937380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232589","display_name":"Replica","level":2,"score":0.727400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6601999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20528329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513932","display_name":"Linearizability","level":3,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/3746405.3746411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3746405.3746411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/262b12d0-592f-4884-a14a-20a250327427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/262b12d0-592f-4884-a14a-20a250327427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Katsianis, A, Gavrielatos, V, Giortamis, E, Bhatotia, P, Dragojevic, A, Grot, B, Vijay, N & Fatourou, P 2025, 'The LAW Theorem : Local Reads and Linearizable Asynchronous Replication', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 2831-2845. https://doi.org/10.14778/3746405.3746411","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/262b12d0-592f-4884-a14a-20a250327427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/262b12d0-592f-4884-a14a-20a250327427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Katsianis, A, Gavrielatos, V, Giortamis, E, Bhatotia, P, Dragojevic, A, Grot, B, Vijay, N & Fatourou, P 2025, 'The LAW Theorem : Local Reads and Linearizable Asynchronous Replication', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 2831-2845. https://doi.org/10.14778/3746405.3746411","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1502619425","https://openalex.org/W1516319412","https://openalex.org/W1966994880","https://openalex.org/W1972115340","https://openalex.org/W1972800575","https://openalex.org/W1976075610","https://openalex.org/W1977041795","https://openalex.org/W1994618472","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2007888220","https://openalex.org/W2012481411","https://openalex.org/W2013051547","https://openalex.org/W2013451019","https://openalex.org/W2019966882","https://openalex.org/W2030877481","https://openalex.org/W2045547017","https://openalex.org/W2046654145","https://openalex.org/W2054584570","https://openalex.org/W2060440895","https://openalex.org/W2067740651","https://openalex.org/W2078432474","https://openalex.org/W2087536500","https://openalex.org/W2088221489","https://openalex.org/W2095135670","https://openalex.org/W2101939036","https://openalex.org/W2106670435","https://openalex.org/W2107779152","https://openalex.org/W2109213558","https://openalex.org/W2112368170","https://openalex.org/W2113756135","https://openalex.org/W2114387290","https://openalex.org/W2114925953","https://openalex.org/W2118726720","https://openalex.org/W2127140580","https://openalex.org/W2130566110","https://openalex.org/W2133943294","https://openalex.org/W2141710443","https://openalex.org/W2150013559","https://openalex.org/W2151809935","https://openalex.org/W2156027558","https://openalex.org/W2161730338","https://openalex.org/W2209943643","https://openalex.org/W2341655714","https://openalex.org/W2484942630","https://openalex.org/W2497521232","https://openalex.org/W2498851521","https://openalex.org/W2597880136","https://openalex.org/W2680467112","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2751343396","https://openalex.org/W2795276761","https://openalex.org/W2913720937","https://openalex.org/W2939045350","https://openalex.org/W2952859858","https://openalex.org/W2970657450","https://openalex.org/W2982671444","https://openalex.org/W2996998733","https://openalex.org/W2997666247","https://openalex.org/W2998553639","https://openalex.org/W3002045478","https://openalex.org/W3006161684","https://openalex.org/W3018702812","https://openalex.org/W3028504644","https://openalex.org/W3031917602","https://openalex.org/W3084934441","https://openalex.org/W3085924233","https://openalex.org/W3100217861","https://openalex.org/W3106497166","https://openalex.org/W3109100251","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3137759927","https://openalex.org/W3149753187","https://openalex.org/W3159128926","https://openalex.org/W3175952582","https://openalex.org/W3177117781","https://openalex.org/W4210631930","https://openalex.org/W4213412050","https://openalex.org/W4214844336","https://openalex.org/W4224911183","https://openalex.org/W4283320838","https://openalex.org/W4285717907","https://openalex.org/W4288057731","https://openalex.org/W4289124877","https://openalex.org/W4294904037","https://openalex.org/W4376272906","https://openalex.org/W4403368738","https://openalex.org/W4403788185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014505583","https://openalex.org/W2033263716","https://openalex.org/W4290062159","https://openalex.org/W2765702227","https://openalex.org/W1642630651","https://openalex.org/W2914637646","https://openalex.org/W2114925953","https://openalex.org/W2949587676","https://openalex.org/W4292345996","https://openalex.org/W2105208616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"datastores":[1],"underpin":[2],"highly":[3],"concurrent,":[4],"read-intensive":[5],"applications,":[6],"ensuring":[7,202],"consistency,":[8,51,78],"availability,":[9],"and":[10,19,27,80,85,117,135,187,192],"performance.":[11],"They":[12],"use":[13],"crash-tolerant":[14,83],"protocols":[15,47,152,158],"to":[16,139],"replicate":[17],"data":[18],"endure":[20],"replica":[21],"server":[22],"crashes.":[23],"To":[24],"ensure":[25],"safety":[26],"meet":[28],"the":[29,75],"performance":[30,81,178],"demands,":[31],"replication":[32],"must":[33],"support":[34],"high-throughput,":[35],"strongly":[36],"consistent":[37],"(i.e.,":[38],"linearizable)":[39],"reads":[40,55,98,108,200],"without":[41,179,214],"assuming":[42],"any":[43],"synchrony.":[44,71],"However,":[45],"existing":[46],"either":[48],"1":[49],"relax":[50],"or":[52,66,165,217],"provide":[53],"linearizable":[54,89,174],"that":[56,87,113,150,184],"are":[57],"2":[58],"fully":[59],"asynchronous":[60,90,173],"but":[61,69],"remote":[62],"(involving":[63],"multiple":[64],"replicas),":[65],"3":[67],"local":[68,128,160],"require":[70],"This":[72],"work":[73],"explores":[74],"tradeoffs":[76],"between":[77],"asynchrony,":[79],"in":[82,88,198],"protocols,":[84,175],"proves":[86],"read/write":[91],"registers":[92],"tolerating":[93],"a":[94,110],"single":[95],"crash,":[96],"no":[97],"can":[99],"be":[100],"local.":[101],"Building":[102],"on":[103],"this,":[104],"we":[105],"introduce":[106],"almost-local":[107],"(ALRs),":[109],"new":[111],"abstraction":[112],"ensures":[114],"crash":[115],"tolerance":[116],"linearizability":[118,203],"under":[119,204],"asynchrony.":[120,205,218],"While":[121],"ALRs":[122,162,208],"have":[123],"slightly":[124],"higher":[125,212],"latency":[126],"than":[127],"reads,":[129,161],"they":[130,176],"remain":[131],"lightweight,":[132],"with":[133,159,168],"computation":[134],"network":[136],"costs":[137],"close":[138],"single-node":[140],"reads.":[141],"We":[142],"present":[143],"two":[144],"simple":[145],"yet":[146],"effective":[147],"ALR":[148],"schemes":[149],"enhance":[151],"across":[153],"all":[154],"three":[155],"categories.":[156],"For":[157],"address":[163],"consistency":[164,216],"synchrony":[166],"issues":[167],"minimal":[169],"throughput":[170,197,213],"loss.":[171],"In":[172],"improve":[177],"compromises.":[180],"Our":[181],"evaluation":[182],"shows":[183],"ALR-enhanced":[185],"ZAB":[186],"Hermes":[188],"achieve":[189],"within":[190],"2%":[191],"5%":[193],"of":[194],"their":[195],"original":[196],"95%":[199],"while":[201],"On":[206],"Raft,":[207],"deliver":[209],"over":[210],"2.5x":[211],"compromising":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}