{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413812258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3725688.3725691","title":"FB <sup>+</sup> -Tree: A Memory-Optimized B <sup>+</sup> -Tree with Latch-Free Update","display_name":"FB <sup>+</sup> -Tree: A Memory-Optimized B <sup>+</sup> -Tree with Latch-Free Update","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413812258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3725688.3725691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/3725688.3725691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3725688.3725691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101453559","display_name":"Yuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-3896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359736","display_name":"Ao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102970144","display_name":"Wenhai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-6024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003249","display_name":"Lingfeng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3149-5099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingfeng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8777,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88074018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"1579","last_page":"1592"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5503746867179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39257150888442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18583926558494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.17209872603416443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5503746867179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39257150888442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18583926558494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.17209872603416443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/3725688.3725691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3725688.3725691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963674762","https://openalex.org/W1980806195","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W2001738739","https://openalex.org/W2008627910","https://openalex.org/W2030062409","https://openalex.org/W2036162037","https://openalex.org/W2070991879","https://openalex.org/W2073216502","https://openalex.org/W2076747312","https://openalex.org/W2097904740","https://openalex.org/W2108179552","https://openalex.org/W2110160586","https://openalex.org/W2141710443","https://openalex.org/W2155512447","https://openalex.org/W2161694911","https://openalex.org/W2165663045","https://openalex.org/W2185655604","https://openalex.org/W2412642011","https://openalex.org/W2499700696","https://openalex.org/W2611669587","https://openalex.org/W2925562138","https://openalex.org/W3000580989","https://openalex.org/W3009686005","https://openalex.org/W3013808246","https://openalex.org/W4206548428","https://openalex.org/W4226174211","https://openalex.org/W4321446235","https://openalex.org/W4386914080","https://openalex.org/W4396571878","https://openalex.org/W4399156154","https://openalex.org/W4399174588","https://openalex.org/W4399208580","https://openalex.org/W4399209859","https://openalex.org/W4402043003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"B":[0,76,82,138,169,240],"+":[1,77,83,86,101,124,132,139,152,170,195,227,241,251],"-trees":[2,140,242],"are":[3,55],"prevalent":[4],"in":[5,32,62,98,159],"traditional":[6],"database":[7],"systems":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,28,90,118,126,165,187,206,215,233],"their":[11],"versatility":[12],"and":[13,54,141,182,237,265],"balanced":[14],"structure.":[15],"While":[16,46],"binary":[17],"search":[18],"is":[19,185],"typically":[20],"utilized":[21],"for":[22,95],"branch":[23,41,96],"operations,":[24],"it":[25,163],"may":[26,60],"lead":[27],"inefficient":[29],"cache":[30,52],"utilization":[31],"main-memory":[33],"scenarios.":[34],"In":[35,147],"contrast,":[36],"trie-based":[37,235],"index":[38,191],"structures":[39,48],"drive":[40],"operations":[42,200],"through":[43],"prefix":[44,110,129],"matching.":[45],"these":[47],"generally":[49],"produce":[50],"fewer":[51],"misses":[53],"thus":[56],"increasingly":[57],"popular,":[58],"they":[59],"underperform":[61],"range":[63],"scans":[64],"because":[65],"of":[66,114],"frequent":[67],"pointer":[68],"chasing.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"proposes":[72],"a":[73,156,168,173],"new":[74],"high-performance":[75],"-tree":[78,84,87,102,125,133,153,196,228,252],"variant":[79],"called":[80],"Feature":[81],"(FB":[85],").":[88],"Similar":[89],"employing":[91],"bit":[92],"or":[93],"byte":[94],"operation":[97],"tries,":[99,142],"FB":[100,123,131,151,194,226,250],"progressively":[103],"considers":[104],"several":[105],"bytes":[106],"following":[107],"the":[108,135,148,160,179],"common":[109],"on":[111,220,257],"each":[112],"level":[113],"its":[115],"inner":[116],"nodes\u2014referred":[117],"as":[119,167],"features,":[120],"which":[121,210],"allows":[122],"benefit":[127],"from":[128],"skewness.":[130],"blurs":[134],"lines":[136],"between":[137],"while":[143],"still":[144],"retaining":[145],"balance.":[146],"best":[149],"case,":[150,162],"almost":[154],"becomes":[155],"trie,":[157],"whereas":[158],"worst":[161],"continues":[164],"function":[166],"-tree.":[171],"Meanwhile,":[172],"crafted":[174],"synchronization":[175],"protocol":[176],"that":[177,225],"combines":[178],"link":[180],"technique":[181],"optimistic":[183,204],"lock":[184,205],"designed":[186],"support":[188],"efficient":[189],"concurrent":[190],"access.":[192],"Distinctively,":[193],"leverages":[197],"subtle":[198],"atomic":[199],"seamlessly":[201],"coordinated":[202],"with":[203],"facilitate":[207],"latch-free":[208],"updates,":[209],"can":[211],"be":[212],"easily":[213],"extended":[214],"other":[216,258],"structures.":[217],"Intensive":[218],"experiments":[219],"multiple":[221],"workload-dataset":[222],"combinations":[223],"demonstrate":[224],"shows":[229],"comparable":[230],"lookup":[231],"performance":[232],"state-of-the-art":[234],"indexes":[236],"outperforms":[238],"popular":[239],"by":[243],"2.3x":[244],"~":[245],"3.7x":[246],"under":[247,263],"96":[248],"threads.":[249],"also":[253],"exhibits":[254],"significant":[255],"potential":[256],"workloads,":[259],"especially":[260],"update":[261],"workloads":[262],"contention":[264],"scan":[266],"workloads.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}