{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283328355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3529337.3529344","title":"Netherite","display_name":"Netherite","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283328355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3529337.3529344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/3529337.3529344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3529337.3529344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045088961","display_name":"Sebastian Burckhardt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Burckhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067654293","display_name":"Badrish Chandramouli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-4037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badrish Chandramouli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015077224","display_name":"Chris Gillum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Gillum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Azure"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Azure","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072422663","display_name":"David Justo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Justo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Azure"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Azure","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054940489","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-6648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Kallas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103271096","display_name":"Connor McMahon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3646-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connor McMahon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Azure"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Azure","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038631457","display_name":"Christopher Meiklejohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1695-8289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher S. Meiklejohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022931813","display_name":"Xiangfeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7557-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangfeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.0212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98896732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"1591","last_page":"1604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8474583029747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.8136946558952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateless-protocol","display_name":"Stateless protocol","score":0.7356874346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7068595886230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6733867526054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6551976799964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6180713176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.5999448299407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5494930744171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5094576478004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.40086206793785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3381998538970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.3015986680984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2839908003807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.21246537566184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15419232845306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10934317111968994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8474583029747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.8136946558952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103613024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230924","display_name":"Stateless protocol","level":3,"score":0.7356874346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7068595886230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6733867526054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6551976799964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6180713176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.5999448299407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5494930744171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5094576478004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.40086206793785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3381998538970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3015986680984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2839908003807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.21246537566184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15419232845306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10934317111968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/3529337.3529344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3529337.3529344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973291079","https://openalex.org/W1982525351","https://openalex.org/W1987995589","https://openalex.org/W2038157364","https://openalex.org/W2039795745","https://openalex.org/W2093583339","https://openalex.org/W2102163972","https://openalex.org/W2119738171","https://openalex.org/W2127488725","https://openalex.org/W2139391817","https://openalex.org/W2140816534","https://openalex.org/W2522505491","https://openalex.org/W2591324491","https://openalex.org/W2780624097","https://openalex.org/W2795182149","https://openalex.org/W2807485921","https://openalex.org/W2894833359","https://openalex.org/W2904129194","https://openalex.org/W2911351991","https://openalex.org/W2963761135","https://openalex.org/W2964331441","https://openalex.org/W2968986602","https://openalex.org/W2999202099","https://openalex.org/W3023815730","https://openalex.org/W3029471531","https://openalex.org/W3030078377","https://openalex.org/W3097948932","https://openalex.org/W3159655192","https://openalex.org/W3205260334","https://openalex.org/W4238584892","https://openalex.org/W4249823756","https://openalex.org/W6646842567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035312053","https://openalex.org/W2908539414","https://openalex.org/W112987992","https://openalex.org/W4246017188","https://openalex.org/W2234619324","https://openalex.org/W4298846198","https://openalex.org/W358240276","https://openalex.org/W17249245","https://openalex.org/W2398270998","https://openalex.org/W2744220011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Serverless":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,53,85,103],"popular":[3],"choice":[4],"for":[5,88],"cloud":[6,198],"service":[7],"architects":[8],"because":[9],"it":[10,122],"can":[11,74],"provide":[12],"scalability":[13],"and":[14,50,60,65,108,119,145,163,181],"load-based":[15],"billing":[16],"with":[17],"minimal":[18],"developer":[19],"effort.":[20],"Functions-as-a-service":[21],"(FaaS)":[22],"are":[23],"originally":[24],"stateless,":[25],"but":[26,73],"emerging":[27],"frameworks":[28],"add":[29],"stateful":[30],"abstractions.":[31],"For":[32],"instance,":[33],"the":[34,63,98,110,167],"widely":[35],"used":[36,191],"Durable":[37],"Functions":[38,196],"(DF)":[39],"allow":[40],"developers":[41],"to":[42,126,140,146],"write":[43],"advanced":[44],"serverless":[45,90],"applications,":[46,68],"including":[47],"reliable":[48],"workflows":[49,91],"actors,":[51],"in":[52,178],"programming":[54],"language":[55],"of":[56,67,106,113,176],"choice.":[57],"DF":[58,169],"implicitly":[59],"continuosly":[61],"persists":[62],"state":[64,111],"progress":[66],"which":[69],"greatly":[70],"simplifies":[71],"development,":[72],"create":[75],"an":[76,93,174],"IOps":[77],"bottleneck.":[78],"To":[79],"improve":[80],"efficiency,":[81],"we":[82],"introduce":[83],"Netherite,":[84],"novel":[86],"architecture":[87],"executing":[89],"on":[92],"elastic":[94],"cluster.":[95],"Netherite":[96,134,159,184],"groups":[97],"numerous":[99],"application":[100,143],"objects":[101],"into":[102],"smaller":[104],"number":[105],"partitions,":[107],"pipelines":[109],"persistence":[112],"each":[114],"partition.":[115],"This":[116],"improves":[117],"latency":[118,162,187],"throughput,":[120],"as":[121],"enables":[123],"workflow":[124],"steps":[125],"group":[127],"commit,":[128],"even":[129],"if":[130],"causally":[131],"dependent.":[132],"Moreover,":[133],"leverages":[135],"FASTER's":[136],"hybrid":[137],"log":[138],"approach":[139],"support":[141],"larger-than-memory":[142],"state,":[144],"enable":[147],"efficient":[148],"partition":[149],"movement":[150],"between":[151],"compute":[152],"hosts.":[153],"Our":[154],"evaluation":[155],"shows":[156],"that":[157,183],"(a)":[158],"achieves":[160],"lower":[161,186],"higher":[164],"throughput":[165],"than":[166,173,188],"original":[168],"engine,":[170],"by":[171],"more":[172],"order":[175],"magnitude":[177],"some":[179,189],"cases,":[180],"(b)":[182],"has":[185],"commonly":[190],"alternatives,":[192],"like":[193],"AWS":[194],"Step":[195],"or":[197],"storage":[199],"triggers.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2022-06-24T00:00:00"}
