{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226057994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3503585.3503590","title":"Bagua","display_name":"Bagua","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226057994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3503585.3503590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/3503585.3503590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3503585.3503590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112618683","display_name":"Shaoduo Gan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaoduo Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102918834","display_name":"Jiawei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002684888","display_name":"Binhang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-2769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binhang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383731","display_name":"Ce Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-7505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ce Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067206804","display_name":"Xiangru Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangru Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431257","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8935-3119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066645892","display_name":"Jianbin Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454866","display_name":"Chengjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2036-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027303937","display_name":"Hongmei Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004574456","display_name":"Shengzhuo Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651624","display_name":"Xianghong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-5741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035811165","display_name":"Tengxu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengxu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113853402","display_name":"Sen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396318","display_name":"Ji Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-8881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726859","display_name":"Kuaishou (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0258as409","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["kuaishou technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"kuaishou technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112618683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90224497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"804","last_page":"813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8501206636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7330998778343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6068798303604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5659599304199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.48414358496665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-passing","display_name":"Message passing","score":0.44846025109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3976373076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33120763301849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12317371368408203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8501206636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7330998778343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6068798303604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5659599304199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.48414358496665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C854659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859284","display_name":"Message passing","level":2,"score":0.44846025109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3976373076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33120763301849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12317371368408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/3503585.3503590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/3503585.3503590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-128652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85129601978&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365922930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"40B2-0_187132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327931","funder_display_name":"Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur f\u00fcr Innovationsf\u00f6rderung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4741841347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021_184628","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4951963568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"197485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7507309883","display_name":"Integrated Data Analysis Pipelines for Large-Scale Data Management, HPC, and Machine Learning","funder_award_id":"957407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327931","display_name":"Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur f\u00fcr Innovationsf\u00f6rderung","ror":"https://ror.org/05a2bhn71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572016165","https://openalex.org/W2084392717","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2185864411","https://openalex.org/W2265775419","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2547190417","https://openalex.org/W2589642470","https://openalex.org/W2612026221","https://openalex.org/W2766140019","https://openalex.org/W2786602455","https://openalex.org/W2799138232","https://openalex.org/W2883830791","https://openalex.org/W2900182564","https://openalex.org/W2911445777","https://openalex.org/W2911495555","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2915041608","https://openalex.org/W2918022439","https://openalex.org/W2945003059","https://openalex.org/W2948349252","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W2971169561","https://openalex.org/W3004495293","https://openalex.org/W3029900615","https://openalex.org/W3030051638","https://openalex.org/W3034367918","https://openalex.org/W3101104221","https://openalex.org/W3165312848","https://openalex.org/W4245826835","https://openalex.org/W4288365054","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6756379755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116677773","https://openalex.org/W2155261584","https://openalex.org/W2978729728","https://openalex.org/W2584231425","https://openalex.org/W2135714282","https://openalex.org/W1690000972","https://openalex.org/W1595373702","https://openalex.org/W2061430247","https://openalex.org/W2066343225","https://openalex.org/W1494564945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2,32],"witnessed":[3],"a":[4,34,102,107,132,145,168,175,183],"growing":[5],"list":[6],"of":[7,37,74,95,109,123,178],"systems":[8,14,57,96],"for":[9],"distributed":[10,124,141],"data-parallel":[11],"training.":[12,125],"Existing":[13],"largely":[15],"fit":[16],"into":[17],"two":[18],"paradigms,":[19],"i.e.,":[20],"parameter":[21],"server":[22],"and":[23,48,63,97,115,137,160,191],"MPI-style":[24,103],"collective":[25],"operations.":[26],"On":[27],"the":[28,41,79,92,163,195],"algorithmic":[29],"side,":[30],"researchers":[31],"proposed":[33],"wide":[35],"range":[36,177],"techniques":[38,122],"to":[39,117,135,150,172],"lower":[40],"communication":[42,49,104],"via":[43],"\"system":[44],"relaxations\":":[45],"quantization,":[46],"decentralization,":[47],"delay.":[50],"However,":[51],"most,":[52],"if":[53],"not":[54],"all,":[55],"existing":[56],"only":[58],"rely":[59],"on":[60],"standard":[61],"synchronous":[62],"asynchronous":[64],"stochastic":[65],"gradient":[66],"(SG)":[67],"based":[68],"optimization,":[69],"therefore,":[70],"cannot":[71],"take":[72],"advantage":[73],"all":[75],"possible":[76],"optimizations":[77],"that":[78,111,188],"machine":[80],"learning":[81,142],"community":[82],"has":[83,131],"been":[84],"developing":[85],"recently.":[86],"Given":[87],"this":[88,128],"emerging":[89],"gap":[90],"between":[91],"current":[93],"landscapes":[94],"theory,":[98],"we":[99,181],"build":[100],"Bagua,":[101],"library,":[105],"providing":[106],"collection":[108],"primitives,":[110],"is":[112],"both":[113],"flexible":[114],"modular":[116],"support":[118],"state-of-the-art":[119,140],"system":[120,192],"relaxation":[121],"Powered":[126],"by":[127,167],"design,":[129],"Bagua":[130,155],"great":[133],"ability":[134],"implement":[136],"extend":[138],"various":[139],"algorithms.":[143],"In":[144],"production":[146],"cluster":[147],"with":[148],"up":[149],"16":[151],"machines":[152],"(128":[153],"GPUs),":[154],"can":[156],"outperform":[157],"PyTorch-DDP,":[158],"Horovod":[159],"BytePS":[161],"in":[162],"end-to-end":[164],"training":[165],"time":[166],"significant":[169],"margin":[170],"(up":[171],"2X)":[173],"across":[174],"diverse":[176],"tasks.":[179],"Moreover,":[180],"conduct":[182],"rigorous":[184],"tradeoff":[185],"exploration":[186],"showing":[187],"different":[189,199],"algorithms":[190],"relaxations":[193],"achieve":[194],"best":[196],"performance":[197],"over":[198],"network":[200],"conditions.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}