{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2244977073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2733004.2733073","title":"Datacenters as computers","display_name":"Datacenters as computers","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2244977073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2733004.2733073","mag":"2244977073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/2733004.2733073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2733004.2733073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014540131","display_name":"Shivakumar Venkataraman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivakumar Venkataraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059945353","display_name":"Divyakant Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-9539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divyakant Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014540131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21849319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"13","first_page":"1720","last_page":"1721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7806796431541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.768243670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.643913984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5945721864700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5073551535606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terabyte","display_name":"Terabyte","score":0.4927544891834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberinfrastructure","display_name":"Cyberinfrastructure","score":0.44595929980278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ingenuity","display_name":"Ingenuity","score":0.44219303131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4402288496494293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4208471477031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.41444307565689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4143317639827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.2816042900085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17637699842453003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7806796431541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.768243670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.643913984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5945721864700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5073551535606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199683683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Terabyte","level":2,"score":0.4927544891834259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450531","display_name":"Cyberinfrastructure","level":2,"score":0.44595929980278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778154381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105296908","display_name":"Ingenuity","level":2,"score":0.44219303131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4402288496494293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4208471477031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.41444307565689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4143317639827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2816042900085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17637699842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/2733004.2733073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2733004.2733073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972115340","https://openalex.org/W1977041795","https://openalex.org/W2114226753","https://openalex.org/W2266185913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528089385","https://openalex.org/W2894069061","https://openalex.org/W2901253749","https://openalex.org/W273500195","https://openalex.org/W2043019925","https://openalex.org/W2468223644","https://openalex.org/W2364113653","https://openalex.org/W2994258365","https://openalex.org/W4238513149","https://openalex.org/W3044099482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,28,118],"this":[1,53,120,176],"collaborative":[2],"keynote":[3],"address,":[4],"we":[5,200],"will":[6,55,201,230],"share":[7],"Google's":[8,21],"experience":[9],"in":[10,76,112,124,130,163,244,250],"building":[11],"a":[12,156,187,209],"scalable":[13],"data":[14,23,40,77,113,135,150,251],"infrastructure":[15,41],"that":[16,103,178,239],"leverages":[17],"datacenters":[18],"for":[19,147,224],"managing":[20],"advertising":[22,35],"over":[24,167],"the":[25,32,39,60,64,73,131,149,164,168,205,221,235],"last":[26],"decade.":[27],"order":[29,245],"to":[30,57,71,90,160,203,241,246],"support":[31,44],"massive":[33,91],"online":[34],"platform":[36],"at":[37,125,175,195],"Google,":[38],"must":[42],"simultaneously":[43],"both":[45],"transactional":[46],"and":[47,63,79,87,94,115,136,183,197,227,257],"analytical":[48],"workloads.":[49],"The":[50],"focus":[51],"of":[52,171,189,234],"talk":[54],"be":[56,242],"highlight":[58],"how":[59],"datacenter":[61,92,210],"architecture":[62],"cloud":[65,137],"computing":[66,140],"paradigm":[67],"has":[68,122],"enabled":[69],"us":[70],"manage":[72],"exponential":[74],"growth":[75,111,249],"volumes":[78,114,151,252],"user":[80,116],"queries,":[81],"make":[82],"our":[83],"services":[84],"highly":[85,184],"available":[86,185],"fault":[88],"tolerant":[89],"outages,":[93],"deliver":[95],"results":[96],"with":[97,192,232],"very":[98],"low":[99,258],"latencies.":[100,259],"We":[101,229],"note":[102],"other":[104],"Internet":[105],"companies":[106],"have":[107,143],"also":[108],"undergone":[109],"similar":[110],"queries.":[117],"fact,":[119],"phenomenon":[121],"resulted":[123],"least":[126],"two":[127],"new":[128],"terms":[129],"technology":[132],"lexicon:":[133],"big":[134],"computing.":[138],"Cloud":[139],"(and":[141],"datacenters)":[142],"been":[144],"largely":[145],"responsible":[146],"scaling":[148],"from":[152],"terabytes":[153],"range":[154,166],"just":[155,211],"few":[157],"years":[158],"ago":[159],"now":[161],"reaching":[162],"exabyte":[165],"next":[169],"couple":[170],"years.":[172],"Delivering":[173],"solutions":[174],"scale":[177],"are":[179],"fault-tolerant,":[180],"latency":[181],"sensitive,":[182],"requires":[186],"combination":[188],"research":[190,237],"advances":[191],"engineering":[193],"ingenuity":[194],"Google":[196],"elsewhere.":[198],"Next,":[199],"try":[202],"answer":[204],"following":[206],"question:":[207],"is":[208],"another":[212],"(very":[213],"large)":[214],"computer?":[215],"Or,":[216],"does":[217],"it":[218],"fundamentally":[219],"change":[220],"design":[222],"principles":[223],"data-centric":[225],"applications":[226],"systems.":[228],"conclude":[231],"some":[233],"unique":[236],"challenges":[238],"need":[240],"addressed":[243],"sustain":[247],"continuous":[248],"while":[253],"supporting":[254],"high":[255],"throughput":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}