{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019180264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536274.2536279","title":"Functions are data too","display_name":"Functions are data too","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019180264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536274.2536279","mag":"2019180264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/2536274.2536279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536274.2536279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088806837","display_name":"Torsten Grust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-0493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Grust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023657210","display_name":"Nils Schweinsberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Schweinsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019733247","display_name":"Alexander Ulrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Ulrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65008601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"12","first_page":"1214","last_page":"1217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8289823532104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.7725715637207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6628646850585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6163792014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql/psm","display_name":"SQL/PSM","score":0.5034970641136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stored-procedure","display_name":"Stored procedure","score":0.4918398857116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4666127562522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.46538084745407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.4466167986392975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-manipulation-language","display_name":"Data manipulation language","score":0.412601113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-by-example","display_name":"Query by Example","score":0.40021243691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.39388400316238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2523142397403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15117284655570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.07456716895103455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8289823532104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.7725715637207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6628646850585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6163792014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167544706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360842","display_name":"SQL/PSM","level":5,"score":0.5034970641136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154420247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846619","display_name":"Stored procedure","level":5,"score":0.4918398857116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4666127562522888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.46538084745407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.4466167986392975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56288433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58673","display_name":"Data manipulation language","level":2,"score":0.412601113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.40021243691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.39388400316238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2523142397403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15117284655570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.07456716895103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/2536274.2536279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536274.2536279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504215023","https://openalex.org/W1594912681","https://openalex.org/W1988932014","https://openalex.org/W2113757735","https://openalex.org/W2163672025","https://openalex.org/W4255327858","https://openalex.org/W6647833455","https://openalex.org/W6923786857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W91546718","https://openalex.org/W1505413869","https://openalex.org/W1980548249","https://openalex.org/W20807724","https://openalex.org/W99652509","https://openalex.org/W1774074187","https://openalex.org/W1998518960","https://openalex.org/W2062156243","https://openalex.org/W3196679839","https://openalex.org/W157322357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,77],"demonstrate":[1],"a":[2,59,79,101,134],"full-fledged":[3],"implementation":[4],"of":[5,62,82,113,137],"first-class":[6],"functions":[7,73,92],"for":[8],"the":[9,104,126],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"PL/SQL":[12,53,91],"database":[13],"programming":[14],"language.":[15],"Functions":[16],"are":[17],"treated":[18],"as":[19,128],"regular":[20],"data":[21],"items":[22],"that":[23,85],"may":[24],"be":[25,68,109],"(1)":[26],"constructed":[27],"at":[28],"query":[29,64],"runtime,":[30],"(2)":[31],"stored":[32],"in":[33],"and":[34,42,46,56,98,131],"retrieved":[35],"from":[36,47],"tables,":[37],"(3)":[38],"assigned":[39],"to":[40,45,70,123,132],"variables,":[41],"(4)":[43],"passed":[44],"other":[48],"(higher-order)":[49],"functions.":[50],"The":[51],"resulting":[52],"dialect":[54],"concisely":[55],"elegantly":[57],"expresses":[58],"wide":[60],"range":[61],"new":[63],"idioms":[65],"which":[66],"would":[67],"cumbersome":[69],"formulate":[71],"if":[72],"remained":[74],"second-class":[75],"citizens.":[76],"include":[78],"diverse":[80],"set":[81],"application":[83],"scenarios":[84],"make":[86],"these":[87],"advantages":[88],"tangible.":[89],"First-class":[90],"require":[93],"featherweight":[94],"syntactic":[95],"extensions":[96],"only":[97],"come":[99],"with":[100,125],"non-invasive":[102],"implementation--":[103],"defunctionalization":[105],"transformation--that":[106],"can":[107],"entirely":[108],"built":[110],"on":[111],"top":[112],"existing":[114],"relational":[115],"DBMS":[116],"infrastructure.":[117],"An":[118],"interactive":[119],"demonstrator":[120],"helps":[121],"users":[122],"experiment":[124],"\"function":[127],"data\"":[129],"paradigm":[130],"earn":[133],"solid":[135],"intuition":[136],"its":[138],"inner":[139],"workings.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
