{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117312440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536258.2536261","title":"Aggregating semantic annotators","display_name":"Aggregating semantic annotators","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117312440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536258.2536261","mag":"2117312440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/2536258.2536261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536258.2536261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021393795","display_name":"Luying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3845-8128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, UK","Oxford University (UK)#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University (UK)#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057963374","display_name":"Stefano Ortona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Ortona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, UK","Oxford University (UK)#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University (UK)#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008165294","display_name":"Giorgio Orsi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Orsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, UK","Oxford University (UK)#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University (UK)#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037774973","display_name":"Michael Benedikt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-0880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Benedikt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, UK","Oxford University (UK)#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University (UK)#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021393795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9600587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"13","first_page":"1486","last_page":"1497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8794611692428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.712112307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6775229573249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6292601227760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5332289338111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5047913789749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.49187517166137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-annotation","display_name":"Semantic annotation","score":0.4476909041404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07444334030151367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8794611692428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.712112307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6775229573249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6292601227760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5332289338111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5047913789749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49187517166137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985727698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Semantic annotation","level":3,"score":0.4476909041404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07444334030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/2536258.2536261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2536258.2536261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.406.1717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.406.1717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol6/p1486-benedikt.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:723d6cf3-47ae-4208-9bf6-64963052079d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:723d6cf3-47ae-4208-9bf6-64963052079d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:a8a3ff0c-5006-4d19-8236-e148184ae296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a8a3ff0c-5006-4d19-8236-e148184ae296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:b929c4bc-61ff-4e5b-9583-c1d72df9e568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b929c4bc-61ff-4e5b-9583-c1d72df9e568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6988580151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H017690/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120492913","https://openalex.org/W1510793943","https://openalex.org/W1544007140","https://openalex.org/W1588838173","https://openalex.org/W1719679723","https://openalex.org/W1934019294","https://openalex.org/W1966853641","https://openalex.org/W1976339715","https://openalex.org/W1977653641","https://openalex.org/W1988686126","https://openalex.org/W2004763266","https://openalex.org/W2006439165","https://openalex.org/W2056451646","https://openalex.org/W2064018773","https://openalex.org/W2073545563","https://openalex.org/W2076977343","https://openalex.org/W2079594573","https://openalex.org/W2080132606","https://openalex.org/W2084662183","https://openalex.org/W2096387239","https://openalex.org/W2110138423","https://openalex.org/W2112753987","https://openalex.org/W2115461474","https://openalex.org/W2122611815","https://openalex.org/W2128278816","https://openalex.org/W2136615148","https://openalex.org/W2137030065","https://openalex.org/W2144314367","https://openalex.org/W2149560367","https://openalex.org/W2159100004","https://openalex.org/W2159296364","https://openalex.org/W2163780445","https://openalex.org/W2167571757","https://openalex.org/W2168961710","https://openalex.org/W2568378142","https://openalex.org/W6635176900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376314740","https://openalex.org/W2393185060","https://openalex.org/W2120460904","https://openalex.org/W2584532118","https://openalex.org/W38394648","https://openalex.org/W1564124598","https://openalex.org/W2999699891","https://openalex.org/W2090931697","https://openalex.org/W2388905382","https://openalex.org/W2392716346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"growing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,21,25,79,89,147,165,191,213],"resources":[4],"are":[5],"available":[6,100],"for":[7,67],"enriching":[8],"documents":[9],"with":[10,39,200,223],"semantic":[11,49,68,81,148],"annotations.":[12,215],"While":[13],"originally":[14],"focused":[15],"on":[16,77,117],"a":[17,74,201],"few":[18],"standard":[19,163],"classes":[20],"annotations,":[22],"the":[23,56,59,65,84,87,96,106,113,118,125,211],"ecosystem":[24],"annotators":[26,33,116,131],"is":[27],"now":[28],"becoming":[29],"increasingly":[30],"diverse.":[31],"Although":[32],"often":[34],"have":[35,47],"very":[36],"different":[37],"vocabularies,":[38],"both":[40,55,154,220],"high-level":[41],"and":[42,58,143,161,229],"specialist":[43],"concepts,":[44],"they":[45],"also":[46],"many":[48],"interconnections.":[50],"We":[51,169,180,196,216],"will":[52],"show":[53],"that":[54,72,112,176,184],"overlap":[57,126],"diversity":[60,88],"in":[61,101,127],"annotator":[62,135],"vocabularies":[63,128],"motivate":[64],"need":[66],"annotation":[69,76],"integration:":[70],"middleware":[71],"produces":[73],"unified":[75],"top":[78],"diverse":[80],"annotators.":[82,232],"On":[83,105],"one":[85],"hand,":[86,108],"vocabulary":[90,99],"allows":[91,132],"applications":[92],"to":[93,136,151,156,162,173,210,225,230],"benefit":[94],"from":[95,121,129,193],"much":[97],"richer":[98],"an":[102,133,171,182],"integrated":[103,134],"vocabulary.":[104],"other":[107],"we":[109],"present":[110],"evidence":[111],"most":[114],"widely-used":[115],"web":[119],"suffer":[120],"serious":[122],"accuracy":[123,138],"deficiencies:":[124],"individual":[130,231],"boost":[137],"by":[139],"exploiting":[140],"inter-annotator":[141],"agreement":[142],"disagreement.":[144],"The":[145],"integration":[146,159],"annotations":[149],"leads":[150],"new":[152],"challenges,":[153],"compared":[155],"usual":[157],"data":[158],"scenarios":[160],"aggregation":[164],"machine":[166],"learning":[167],"tools.":[168],"overview":[170],"approach":[172,183],"these":[174,221],"challenges":[175],"performs":[177],"ontology-aware":[178],"aggregation.":[179],"introduce":[181],"requires":[185],"no":[186],"training":[187],"data,":[188],"making":[189],"use":[190],"ideas":[192],"database":[194],"repair.":[195],"experimentally":[197,218],"compare":[198,219],"this":[199],"supervised":[202,227],"approach,":[203],"which":[204],"adapts":[205],"maximal":[206],"entropy":[207],"Markov":[208],"models":[209],"setting":[212],"ontology-based":[214],"further":[217],"approaches":[222],"respect":[224],"ontology-unaware":[226],"approaches,":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}