{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145492473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2047485.2047487","title":"Human-powered sorts and joins","display_name":"Human-powered sorts and joins","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145492473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2047485.2047487","mag":"2145492473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/2047485.2047487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2047485.2047487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112355043","display_name":"Adam Marcus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Marcus","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049016095","display_name":"Eugene Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028448267","display_name":"David R. Karger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-5847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Karger","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037742794","display_name":"Samuel Madden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Madden","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091023123","display_name":"Robert C. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":74.274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":283,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99926945,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8576049208641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joins","display_name":"Joins","score":0.812348484992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7409530878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6143858432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.6092928647994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5215839743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5112178325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.497332364320755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.42475658655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32624420523643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.28746455907821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23354175686836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1482851505279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1411324143409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08680367469787598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8576049208641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4041866","display_name":"Joins","level":2,"score":0.812348484992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7409530878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6143858432769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6092928647994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5215839743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5112178325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.497332364320755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42475658655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32624420523643494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.28746455907821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23354175686836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1482851505279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1411324143409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08680367469787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/2047485.2047487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/2047485.2047487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9014458","https://openalex.org/W1551839888","https://openalex.org/W1583345983","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W2041411104","https://openalex.org/W2058179030","https://openalex.org/W2058556535","https://openalex.org/W2090048052","https://openalex.org/W2098865355","https://openalex.org/W2127008633","https://openalex.org/W2148479118","https://openalex.org/W2168144930","https://openalex.org/W2322584079","https://openalex.org/W4245973296","https://openalex.org/W6633724138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W3207526114","https://openalex.org/W4286908577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowdsourcing":[0],"markets":[1],"like":[2],"Amazon's":[3],"Mechanical":[4],"Turk":[5],"(MTurk)":[6],"make":[7],"it":[8],"possible":[9],"to":[10,53,71,85,88,119,176],"task":[11,129],"people":[12],"with":[13,34,39,134],"small":[14],"jobs,":[15],"such":[16,50],"as":[17,51],"labeling":[18],"images":[19],"or":[20,183],"looking":[21],"up":[22],"phone":[23],"numbers,":[24],"via":[25],"a":[26,65,124,173,193],"programmatic":[27],"interface.":[28],"MTurk":[29],"tasks":[30,116],"for":[31,91],"processing":[32],"datasets":[33],"humans":[35,87],"are":[36],"currently":[37],"designed":[38],"significant":[40],"reimplementation":[41],"of":[42,48,97,114,126,149,163,195],"common":[43,100],"workflows":[44],"and":[45,93,110,137,152],"ad-hoc":[46],"selection":[47],"parameters":[49],"price":[52],"pay":[54],"per":[55],"task.":[56],"We":[57,104,121],"describe":[58,105],"how":[59,84],"we":[60,81,117,165,189],"have":[61],"integrated":[62],"crowds":[63],"into":[64],"declarative":[66],"workflow":[67,76],"engine":[68],"called":[69],"Qurk":[70],"reduce":[72,145,166],"the":[73,98,111,115,146,155,167],"burden":[74],"on":[75,83,154],"designers.":[77],"In":[78,157,185],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"focus":[82],"use":[86],"compare":[89],"items":[90],"sorting":[92],"joining":[94,141,160],"data,":[95],"two":[96,161],"most":[99],"operations":[101],"in":[102,172],"DBMSs.":[103],"our":[106],"basic":[107],"query":[108],"interface":[109,113],"user":[112],"post":[118],"MTurk.":[120],"also":[122],"propose":[123],"number":[125],"optimizations,":[127],"including":[128],"batching,":[130],"replacing":[131],"pairwise":[132],"comparisons":[133],"numerical":[135],"ratings,":[136],"pre-filtering":[138],"tables":[139],"before":[140],"them,":[142],"which":[143],"dramatically":[144],"overall":[147,168],"cost":[148,169,191],"running":[150],"sorts":[151],"joins":[153],"crowd.":[156],"an":[158,186],"experiment":[159],"sets":[162],"images,":[164],"from":[170],"$67":[171],"naive":[174],"implementation":[175],"about":[177],"$3,":[178],"without":[179],"substantially":[180],"affecting":[181],"accuracy":[182],"latency.":[184],"end-to-end":[187],"experiment,":[188],"reduced":[190],"by":[192],"factor":[194],"14.5.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}