{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101229914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687753","title":"Continuous monitoring of nearest neighbors on land surface","display_name":"Continuous monitoring of nearest neighbors on land surface","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101229914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687753","mag":"2101229914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/1687627.1687753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005658164","display_name":"Songhua Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Songhua Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012068017","display_name":"Cyrus Shahabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyrus Shahabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031694046","display_name":"Bei Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,,,Los Angeles,CA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005658164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87009284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"1114","last_page":"1125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10996","display_name":"Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7517514228820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dijkstras-algorithm","display_name":"Dijkstra's algorithm","score":0.6960896849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6533947587013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5550614595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.467435747385025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadtree","display_name":"Quadtree","score":0.46475425362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.46107199788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4500282108783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.44598332047462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.44410115480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.44038066267967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37181442975997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem","display_name":"Shortest path problem","score":0.35043659806251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30419766902923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20356416702270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1616271436214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.10877817869186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.09654253721237183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08327797055244446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7517514228820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173870130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8548","display_name":"Dijkstra's algorithm","level":4,"score":0.6960896849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6533947587013245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5550614595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.467435747385025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151416825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934791","display_name":"Quadtree","level":2,"score":0.46475425362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46107199788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4500282108783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.44598332047462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.44410115480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.44038066267967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37181442975997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.35043659806251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30419766902923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20356416702270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1616271436214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.10877817869186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.09654253721237183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08327797055244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/1687627.1687753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.151.7949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.151.7949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/2/vldb09-45.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1014505","https://openalex.org/W1497953515","https://openalex.org/W1543003006","https://openalex.org/W1600592911","https://openalex.org/W1608524621","https://openalex.org/W2021587133","https://openalex.org/W2046144220","https://openalex.org/W2060029502","https://openalex.org/W2076287166","https://openalex.org/W2114427728","https://openalex.org/W2117379916","https://openalex.org/W2117961179","https://openalex.org/W2118269922","https://openalex.org/W2134780295","https://openalex.org/W2137101044","https://openalex.org/W2146485383","https://openalex.org/W2149964853","https://openalex.org/W2166996142","https://openalex.org/W2169336598","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2171901130","https://openalex.org/W2784746720","https://openalex.org/W4244343699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209137076","https://openalex.org/W4223969905","https://openalex.org/W2374560440","https://openalex.org/W1490490684","https://openalex.org/W4221129498","https://openalex.org/W2887026015","https://openalex.org/W2361442013","https://openalex.org/W2373384475","https://openalex.org/W4310124294","https://openalex.org/W143403600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"geo-realistic":[1],"rendering":[2],"of":[3,23,103,125,143,183,241],"land":[4,53,131,147],"surfaces":[5],"is":[6,159,196],"becoming":[7],"commonplace":[8],"in":[9,66,93,114,117,259],"geographical":[10],"information":[11],"systems":[12],"(GIS),":[13],"games":[14],"and":[15,37,161,163,201,216,228,237,249,255],"online":[16],"Earth":[17],"visualization":[18],"platforms,":[19],"a":[20,48,60,94,174,197],"new":[21],"type":[22],"k":[24,30],"Nearest":[25,31],"Neighbor":[26,32],"(kNN)":[27],"queries,":[28,34],"\"surface\"":[29],"(skNN)":[33],"has":[35],"emerged":[36],"been":[38],"investigated":[39],"recently,":[40],"which":[41,98],"extends":[42],"the":[43,79,111,126,141,168,223,230,235,239,242],"traditional":[44],"kNN":[45,116],"queries":[46,92,211],"to":[47],"constrained":[49],"third":[50],"dimension":[51],"(i.e.,":[52],"surface).":[54],"All":[55],"existing":[56,112],"techniques,":[57],"however,":[58],"assume":[59],"static":[61],"environment,":[62],"limiting":[63],"their":[64],"utility":[65],"emerging":[67],"applications":[68],"(e.g.,":[69],"Location-based":[70],"Services)":[71],"where":[72],"objects":[73],"move.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"for":[78,100,146],"first":[80,107],"time,":[81],"we":[82,139,172,206],"propose":[83,173],"two":[84],"exact":[85],"methods":[86,244],"that":[87,177],"can":[88,207],"continuously":[89,208],"answer":[90],"skNN":[91,210],"highly":[95],"dynamic":[96],"environment":[97],"allows":[99],"arbitrary":[101],"movements":[102],"data":[104,251],"objects.":[105],"The":[106],"method,":[108],"inspired":[109],"by":[110,219],"techniques":[113],"monitoring":[115],"road":[118],"networks":[119],"[7]":[120],"maintains":[121],"an":[122],"analogous":[123],"counterpart":[124],"Dijkstra":[127],"Expansion":[128,135],"Tree":[129,136,191],"on":[130],"surface,":[132],"called":[133,187],"Surface":[134,189],"(SE-Tree).":[137],"However,":[138],"show":[140],"concept":[142],"expansion":[144],"tree":[145],"surface":[148,185,224],"does":[149,165],"not":[150,166],"work":[151],"as":[152],"SE-tree":[153],"suffers":[154],"from":[155],"intrinsic":[156],"defects:":[157],"it":[158],"fat":[160],"short,":[162],"hence":[164],"improve":[167],"query":[169],"efficiency.":[170],"Therefore,":[171],"superior":[175],"approach":[176],"partitions":[178],"SE-Tree":[179,258],"into":[180],"hierarchical":[181],"chunks":[182],"pre-computed":[184],"distances,":[186],"Angular":[188],"Index":[190],"(ASI-Tree).":[192],"Unlike":[193],"SE-tree,":[194],"ASI-Tree":[195,253],"well":[198],"balanced":[199],"thin":[200],"tall":[202],"tree.":[203],"With":[204],"ASI-Tree,":[205],"monitor":[209],"efficiently":[212],"with":[213,245],"low":[214],"CPU":[215],"I/O":[217],"overheads":[218],"both":[220,246],"speeding":[221],"up":[222],"shortest":[225],"path":[226],"computations":[227],"localizing":[229],"searches.":[231],"We":[232],"experimentally":[233],"verify":[234],"applicability":[236],"evaluate":[238],"efficiency":[240],"proposed":[243],"real":[247],"world":[248],"synthetic":[250],"sets.":[252],"consistently":[254],"significantly":[256],"outperforms":[257],"all":[260],"cases.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
