{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135315786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687657","title":"Consistency rationing in the cloud","display_name":"Consistency rationing in the cloud","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135315786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687657","mag":"2135315786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/1687627.1687657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034086130","display_name":"Tim Kraska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2414-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Kraska","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich","[ETH, Zurich]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ETH, Zurich]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027200254","display_name":"Martin Hentschel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8528-4168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Hentschel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich","[ETH, Zurich]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ETH, Zurich]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103144919","display_name":"Gustavo Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-6695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich","[ETH, Zurich]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ETH, Zurich]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111504785","display_name":"Donald Kossmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Kossmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich","[ETH, Zurich]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ETH, Zurich]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034086130"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":48.0337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99808793,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"253","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.8338822722434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286643981933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eventual-consistency","display_name":"Eventual consistency","score":0.7081375122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.7036735415458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6779768466949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6581223011016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-consistency","display_name":"Sequential consistency","score":0.5515310168266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-cost","display_name":"Transaction cost","score":0.545211911201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5402571558952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-consistency","display_name":"Strong consistency","score":0.5318657159805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-consistency","display_name":"Weak consistency","score":0.494594544172287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47987785935401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.45223069190979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4482088088989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4469248950481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-consistency","display_name":"Causal consistency","score":0.4131554961204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16614371538162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1262313723564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1027873158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0980910062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07524946331977844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.8338822722434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286643981933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34422012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6125872","display_name":"Eventual consistency","level":4,"score":0.7081375122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.7036735415458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6779768466949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6581223011016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.5515310168266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.545211911201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5402571558952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31388003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624548","display_name":"Strong consistency","level":3,"score":0.5318657159805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122377713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422799","display_name":"Weak consistency","level":4,"score":0.494594544172287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47987785935401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.45223069190979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4482088088989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4469248950481415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175652121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4379351","display_name":"Causal consistency","level":5,"score":0.4131554961204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16614371538162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1262313723564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1027873158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0980910062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07524946331977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/1687627.1687657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11669818","https://openalex.org/W1495951130","https://openalex.org/W1502629466","https://openalex.org/W1502707484","https://openalex.org/W1506194649","https://openalex.org/W1508143344","https://openalex.org/W1515932031","https://openalex.org/W1545155892","https://openalex.org/W1565320257","https://openalex.org/W1580310876","https://openalex.org/W1585730347","https://openalex.org/W1975637639","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W1992730709","https://openalex.org/W1996737572","https://openalex.org/W2017666672","https://openalex.org/W2018464987","https://openalex.org/W2020299987","https://openalex.org/W2081628764","https://openalex.org/W2090639628","https://openalex.org/W2101610060","https://openalex.org/W2103005325","https://openalex.org/W2109639225","https://openalex.org/W2110849300","https://openalex.org/W2115806861","https://openalex.org/W2117917070","https://openalex.org/W2145943173","https://openalex.org/W2150013559","https://openalex.org/W2155070484","https://openalex.org/W2171031834","https://openalex.org/W2171707251","https://openalex.org/W2332598697","https://openalex.org/W3138135046","https://openalex.org/W3147052988","https://openalex.org/W4237310759","https://openalex.org/W6600485210","https://openalex.org/W6630004642","https://openalex.org/W6630742286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949587676","https://openalex.org/W2949499328","https://openalex.org/W4292345996","https://openalex.org/W2144153901","https://openalex.org/W3102338602","https://openalex.org/W2287614524","https://openalex.org/W2343489657","https://openalex.org/W4254952258","https://openalex.org/W4297824651","https://openalex.org/W246909719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"storage":[1],"solutions":[2],"promise":[3],"high":[4,40],"scalability":[5],"and":[6,35,139,155,179],"low":[7],"cost.":[8],"Existing":[9],"solutions,":[10],"however,":[11],"differ":[12],"in":[13,45,58,68,168,172,176],"the":[14,88,92,96,117,121,126,133,137,142,157,164,169,182],"degree":[15],"of":[16,66,113,132,141,185],"consistency":[17,34,38,51,89,105,122],"they":[18],"provide.":[19],"Our":[20,160],"experience":[21],"using":[22],"such":[23],"systems":[24],"indicates":[25],"that":[26,81,115,163],"there":[27],"is":[28,52],"a":[29,69,77,111,148,173],"non-trivial":[30],"trade-off":[31],"between":[32],"cost,":[33],"availability.":[36,49],"High":[37],"implies":[39],"cost":[41,61,183],"per":[42],"transaction":[43,79,97],"and,":[44],"some":[46],"situations,":[47],"reduced":[48],"Low":[50],"cheaper":[53],"but":[54,99],"it":[55],"might":[56],"result":[57,171],"higher":[59],"operational":[60],"because":[62],"of,":[63],"e.g.,":[64],"overselling":[65],"products":[67],"Web":[70],"shop.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"present":[76,110],"new":[78],"paradigm,":[80],"not":[82],"only":[83],"allows":[84,101],"designers":[85],"to":[86,102],"define":[87],"guarantees":[90,106],"on":[91,147,152],"data":[93,127],"instead":[94],"at":[95,107],"level,":[98],"also":[100],"automatically":[103],"switch":[104],"runtime.":[108],"We":[109,135],"number":[112],"techniques":[114],"let":[116],"system":[118],"dynamically":[119],"adapt":[120],"level":[123],"by":[124],"monitoring":[125],"and/or":[128],"gathering":[129],"temporal":[130],"statistics":[131],"data.":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"feasibility":[138],"potential":[140],"ideas":[143],"through":[144],"extensive":[145],"experiments":[146,161],"first":[149],"prototype":[150],"implemented":[151],"Amazon's":[153],"S3":[154],"running":[156],"TPC-W":[158],"benchmark.":[159],"indicate":[162],"adaptive":[165],"strategies":[166],"presented":[167],"paper":[170],"significant":[174],"reduction":[175],"response":[177],"time":[178],"costs":[180],"including":[181],"penalties":[184],"inconsistencies.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
