{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146032463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687633","title":"Indexing Boolean expressions","display_name":"Indexing Boolean expressions","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146032463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687633","mag":"2146032463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/1687627.1687633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012631773","display_name":"Steven Euijong Whang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Euijong Whang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055883336","display_name":"H\u00e9ctor Garc\u00eda-Molina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector Garcia-Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011595457","display_name":"Chad Brower","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Brower","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075946653","display_name":"Jayavel Shanmugasundaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3176-1556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayavel Shanmugasundaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070795618","display_name":"Sergei Vassilvitskii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-1624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergei Vassilvitskii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049077665","display_name":"Erik Vee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Vee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038067571","display_name":"Ramana Yerneni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramana Yerneni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo! Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012631773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97944297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-expression","display_name":"Boolean expression","score":0.7363120913505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7276089191436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7178435921669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjunctive-normal-form","display_name":"Disjunctive normal form","score":0.6229000687599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6079879999160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.5935998558998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5931423902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5616426467895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5457427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-data-type","display_name":"Boolean data type","score":0.5338534116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5000512599945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-index","display_name":"Inverted index","score":0.4360159635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4157191216945648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37484365701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2417100965976715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2152334451675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10727804899215698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158465420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1979515","display_name":"Boolean expression","level":3,"score":0.7363120913505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7276089191436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7178435921669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136726353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903789","display_name":"Disjunctive normal form","level":2,"score":0.6229000687599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6079879999160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.5935998558998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5931423902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5616426467895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5457427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7342684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520777","display_name":"Boolean data type","level":2,"score":0.5338534116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5000512599945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130590232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671754","display_name":"Inverted index","level":3,"score":0.4360159635543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4157191216945648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37484365701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2417100965976715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2152334451675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10727804899215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/1687627.1687633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.151.1505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.151.1505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/2/vldb09-83.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.360.8210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.360.8210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://theory.stanford.edu/~sergei/papers/vldb09-indexing.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79144062","https://openalex.org/W191231183","https://openalex.org/W1568285589","https://openalex.org/W1837588081","https://openalex.org/W1971405342","https://openalex.org/W1996185014","https://openalex.org/W2019186666","https://openalex.org/W2044031164","https://openalex.org/W2054311069","https://openalex.org/W2066417879","https://openalex.org/W2067580069","https://openalex.org/W2073448073","https://openalex.org/W2098931293","https://openalex.org/W2099794518","https://openalex.org/W2112666706","https://openalex.org/W2116502002","https://openalex.org/W2116641234","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2126632912","https://openalex.org/W2138662031","https://openalex.org/W2138798600","https://openalex.org/W2154610494","https://openalex.org/W2160484851","https://openalex.org/W2166604013","https://openalex.org/W2621280964","https://openalex.org/W2623293810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252281389","https://openalex.org/W2345332015","https://openalex.org/W1656403910","https://openalex.org/W2093198163","https://openalex.org/W3187430668","https://openalex.org/W3002978114","https://openalex.org/W143146503","https://openalex.org/W3141532631","https://openalex.org/W2105443217","https://openalex.org/W1981095078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,251],"consider":[1],"the":[2,30,75,150,194,212,231,245,266],"problem":[3,51],"of":[4,32,43,70,77,100,114,121,173,180,233],"efficiently":[5,128,192],"indexing":[6],"Disjunctive":[7],"Normal":[8,13],"Form":[9,14],"(DNF)":[10],"and":[11,67,84,97,126,132,163,243,265],"Conjunctive":[12],"(CNF)":[15],"Boolean":[16,33,59,92,165,197],"expressions":[17,34,134,166],"over":[18,137,167,273],"a":[19,40,58,78,91,95,118,145,228,240,269],"high-dimensional":[20],"multi-valued":[21,138,168],"attribute":[22],"space.":[23],"The":[24],"goal":[25],"is":[26,176,227],"to":[27,37,45,49,72,102,158],"rapidly":[28],"find":[29],"set":[31],"that":[35,110,155,215,235],"evaluate":[36],"true":[38],"for":[39,186],"given":[41,241],"assignment":[42,69,99],"values":[44,71,101],"attributes.":[46,139,169],"A":[47],"solution":[48,147,175],"this":[50,141],"has":[52],"applications":[53,203],"in":[54,85,223],"online":[55,82,224,262],"advertising":[56,225,263],"(where":[57,90],"expression":[60,93],"represents":[61,74,94,104],"an":[62,68,81,98,105,217,261],"advertiser's":[63],"user":[64,79],"targeting":[65],"requirements,":[66],"attributes":[73,103],"characteristics":[76],"visiting":[80],"page)":[83],"general":[86,130],"any":[87],"publish/subscribe":[88,207],"system":[89],"subscription,":[96],"event).":[106],"All":[107],"existing":[108],"solutions":[109],"we":[111,143,190],"are":[112,219],"aware":[113],"can":[115,191,236,248],"only":[116,211,244],"index":[117,159],"specialized":[119],"sub-set":[120],"conjunctive":[122],"and/or":[123],"disjunctive":[124],"expressions,":[125],"cannot":[127],"handle":[129],"DNF":[131,162],"CNF":[133,164],"(including":[135],"NOTs)":[136],"In":[140],"paper,":[142],"present":[144],"novel":[146],"based":[148,257],"on":[149,230,239,258],"inverted":[151,182],"list":[152],"data":[153,259],"structure":[154],"enables":[156,201],"us":[157],"arbitrarily":[160],"complex":[161],"An":[170],"interesting":[171],"aspect":[172],"our":[174,254],"that,":[177],"by":[178],"virtue":[179],"leveraging":[181],"lists":[183],"traditionally":[184],"used":[185],"ranked":[187,206],"information":[188],"retrieval,":[189],"return":[193],"top-N":[195],"matching":[196],"expressions.":[198],"This":[199],"capability":[200],"emerging":[202],"such":[204],"as":[205],"systems":[208],"[16],":[209],"where":[210],"top":[213],"subscriptions":[214],"match":[216],"event":[218],"desired.":[220],"For":[221],"example,":[222],"there":[226],"limit":[229],"number":[232],"advertisements":[234,247],"be":[237,249],"shown":[238],"page":[242],"\"best\"":[246],"displayed.":[250],"have":[252],"evaluated":[253],"proposed":[255],"technique":[256],"from":[260],"application,":[264],"results":[267],"show":[268],"dramatic":[270],"performance":[271],"improvement":[272],"prior":[274],"techniques.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}