{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119400430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1454159.1454166","title":"SCOPE","display_name":"SCOPE","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119400430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1454159.1454166","mag":"2119400430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14778/1454159.1454166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1454159.1454166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062488081","display_name":"Ronnie Chaiken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronnie Chaiken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009072949","display_name":"B. Keith Jenkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob Jenkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109039470","display_name":"Per-\u00c5ke Larson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per-\u00c5ke Larson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020888713","display_name":"Bill Ramsey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Ramsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081952912","display_name":"Darren Shakib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Shakib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030722354","display_name":"Simon Weaver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Weaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057864403","display_name":"Jingren Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105678","display_name":"Microsoft (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nehjf29","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingren Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation","MICROSOFT CORP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICROSOFT CORP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062488081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210105678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":136.4479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":730,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99975472,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"1265","last_page":"1276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8895134925842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6111795902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joins","display_name":"Joins","score":0.5351746082305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5081284046173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.5079908967018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4418381154537201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.4137653708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35280779004096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.34059593081474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.34046053886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3371129631996155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8895134925842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6111795902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4041866","display_name":"Joins","level":2,"score":0.5351746082305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5081284046173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.5079908967018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4418381154537201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.4137653708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35280779004096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.34059593081474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.34046053886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3371129631996155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14778/1454159.1454166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14778/1454159.1454166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226185","display_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","issn_l":"2150-8097","issn":["2150-8097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135863099","https://openalex.org/W1588885340","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W2098935637","https://openalex.org/W2100830825","https://openalex.org/W2119565742","https://openalex.org/W2119714163","https://openalex.org/W2136952952","https://openalex.org/W2154894831","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W4238584892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088925915","https://openalex.org/W2382891957","https://openalex.org/W2393491644","https://openalex.org/W2067184662","https://openalex.org/W3047837489","https://openalex.org/W2133660117","https://openalex.org/W2104496206","https://openalex.org/W3013303285","https://openalex.org/W2622139626","https://openalex.org/W411760269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Companies":[0],"providing":[1],"cloud-scale":[2],"services":[3],"have":[4],"an":[5],"increasing":[6],"need":[7],"to":[8,41,60,63,111,193],"store":[9],"and":[10,19,24,77,145,155,164,176,220],"analyze":[11],"massive":[12,93],"data":[13,94],"sets":[14,128],"such":[15],"as":[16,127,196],"search":[17],"logs":[18],"click":[20],"streams.":[21],"For":[22],"cost":[23],"performance":[25],"reasons,":[26],"processing":[27],"is":[28,39,98,125,138],"typically":[29],"done":[30],"on":[31,115,222],"large":[32,116,223],"clusters":[33],"of":[34,50,67,92,102,129,132,160,186,199],"shared-nothing":[35],"commodity":[36],"machines.":[37],"It":[38],"imperative":[40],"develop":[42],"a":[43,65,74,168,191,197,202],"programming":[44],"model":[45],"that":[46],"hides":[47],"the":[48,51],"complexity":[49],"underlying":[52],"system":[53],"but":[54,188],"provides":[55],"flexibility":[56],"by":[57,206],"allowing":[58],"users":[59],"extend":[61],"functionality":[62],"meet":[64],"variety":[66],"requirements.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,90],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"present":[73],"new":[75],"declarative":[76],"extensible":[78],"scripting":[79],"language,":[80],"SCOPE":[81,118,183],"(Structured":[82],"Computations":[83],"Optimized":[84],"for":[85,89,100],"Parallel":[86],"Execution),":[87],"targeted":[88],"type":[91],"analysis.":[95],"The":[96,135],"language":[97],"designed":[99],"ease":[101],"use":[103],"with":[104,140],"no":[105],"explicit":[106],"parallelism,":[107],"while":[108],"being":[109],"amenable":[110],"efficient":[112],"parallel":[113,217],"execution":[114,218],"clusters.":[117,224],"borrows":[119],"several":[120],"features":[121],"from":[122,167,180],"SQL.":[123],"Data":[124],"modeled":[126],"rows":[130,166,179],"composed":[131],"typed":[133],"columns.":[134],"select":[136],"statement":[137],"retained":[139],"inner":[141],"joins,":[142,144],"outer":[143],"aggregation":[146],"allowed.":[147],"Users":[148],"can":[149],"easily":[150],"define":[151],"their":[152,157],"own":[153,158],"functions":[154],"implement":[156],"versions":[159],"operators:":[161],"extractors":[162],"(parsing":[163],"constructing":[165],"file),":[169],"processors":[170],"(row-wise":[171],"processing),":[172,175],"reducers":[173],"(group-wise":[174],"combiners":[177],"(combining":[178],"two":[181],"inputs).":[182],"supports":[184],"nesting":[185],"expressions":[187],"also":[189,209],"allows":[190],"computation":[192],"be":[194],"specified":[195],"series":[198],"steps,":[200],"in":[201],"manner":[203],"often":[204],"preferred":[205],"programmers.":[207],"We":[208],"describe":[210],"how":[211],"scripts":[212],"are":[213],"compiled":[214],"into":[215],"efficient,":[216],"plans":[219],"executed":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":83}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}