{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386815344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","title":"Efficient Learning in Spiking Models","display_name":"Efficient Learning in Spiking Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386815344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESANN 2023 proceesdings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108653285","display_name":"Alex Rast","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Rast","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Oxford Brookes University -School of Engineering, Computing, & Mathematics Wheatley Campus, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX -United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Oxford Brookes University -School of Engineering, Computing, & Mathematics Wheatley Campus, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX -United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035581076","display_name":"Mario Antoine Aoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-851X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Antoine Aoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113112961","display_name":"Eleni Elia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleni Elia","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Oxford Brookes University -School of Engineering, Computing, & Mathematics Wheatley Campus, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX -United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Oxford Brookes University -School of Engineering, Computing, & Mathematics Wheatley Campus, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX -United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050154865","display_name":"Nigel Crook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-6616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","display_name":"Oxford Brookes University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2twj65","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Crook","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Oxford Brookes University -School of Engineering, Computing, & Mathematics Wheatley Campus, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX -United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Oxford Brookes University -School of Engineering, Computing, & Mathematics Wheatley Campus, Wheatley, Oxford OX33 1HX -United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108653285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10171711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"601","last_page":"610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8123843669891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.7925077080726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6347670555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5212138891220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.4736279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4554829001426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3142696022987366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8123843669891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.7925077080726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6347670555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5212138891220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4736279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4554829001426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3142696022987366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESANN 2023 proceesdings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:tle:f478af82-bcb0-4351-8500-37a306a36ed9:afee126f-04b2-41a9-a6dd-b29b7c6c20ab:1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/f478af82-bcb0-4351-8500-37a306a36ed9/1/","pdf_url":"https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/f478af82-bcb0-4351-8500-37a306a36ed9/1/ES2023-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400541","display_name":"Radar (Oxford Brookes University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124261462","host_organization_name":"Oxford Brookes University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261462"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2023.es2023-1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESANN 2023 proceesdings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386815344.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386815344.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486852018","https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W1975412204","https://openalex.org/W1975581800","https://openalex.org/W1976634106","https://openalex.org/W1978845507","https://openalex.org/W2001860569","https://openalex.org/W2008008156","https://openalex.org/W2103179919","https://openalex.org/W2111756039","https://openalex.org/W2133769308","https://openalex.org/W2147101007","https://openalex.org/W2152807601","https://openalex.org/W2153564253","https://openalex.org/W2156300345","https://openalex.org/W2160361560","https://openalex.org/W2165639766","https://openalex.org/W2301108683","https://openalex.org/W2317544004","https://openalex.org/W2513853720","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2611608598","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2792432942","https://openalex.org/W2883294120","https://openalex.org/W2990011594","https://openalex.org/W2998119008","https://openalex.org/W3009996893","https://openalex.org/W3012223459","https://openalex.org/W3092083701","https://openalex.org/W3130821023","https://openalex.org/W3170967170","https://openalex.org/W3171047464","https://openalex.org/W3174221857","https://openalex.org/W3186515179","https://openalex.org/W3203620706","https://openalex.org/W4210357113","https://openalex.org/W4283749998","https://openalex.org/W4292880809","https://openalex.org/W6652189618","https://openalex.org/W6766152879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126544799","https://openalex.org/W3104333581","https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W3111828357","https://openalex.org/W3018398156","https://openalex.org/W2082756648","https://openalex.org/W3194278305","https://openalex.org/W2920832517","https://openalex.org/W4388827557","https://openalex.org/W2289648981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"neural":[1,9,154],"networks":[2,15,155],"(SNNs)":[3],"form":[4],"a":[5,25,138],"large":[6],"class":[7],"of":[8,34,51,140,168],"models":[10,50],"distinct":[11],"from":[12,72,92],"'classical'":[13],"continuous-valued":[14],"such":[16,79],"as":[17,59,80],"multilayer":[18],"perceptrons":[19],"(MLPs).":[20],"With":[21],"event-driven":[22],"dynamics":[23,63],"and":[24,45,68,83,101,181],"continuoustime":[26],"model,":[27],"in":[28,42,77,116,179],"contrast":[29],"to":[30,150,156],"the":[31,73,110,165],"discrete-time":[32],"model":[33],"their":[35,62],"classical":[36,152],"counterparts,":[37],"they":[38,69,89],"offer":[39],"interesting":[40,146],"advantages":[41,167],"representational":[43],"capacity":[44],"energy":[46],"consumption.":[47],"However,":[48],"developing":[49],"learning":[52,114,178],"for":[53,177,185],"SNNs":[54,180],"has":[55,106,123],"historically":[56],"proven":[57],"challenging:":[58],"continuous-time":[60],"systems,":[61],"are":[64,128],"much":[65],"more":[66],"complex":[67],"cannot":[70],"benefit":[71],"strong":[74],"theoretical":[75],"developments":[76],"MLPs":[78],"convergence":[81],"proofs":[82],"optimal":[84],"gradient":[85],"descent.":[86],"Nor":[87],"do":[88],"gain":[90],"automatically":[91],"algorithmic":[93],"improvements":[94],"that":[95,132],"have":[96,133],"produced":[97],"efficient":[98],"matrix":[99],"inversion":[100],"batch":[102],"training":[103],"methods.":[104],"Research":[105],"focussed":[107],"largely":[108],"on":[109],"most":[111],"extensively":[112],"studied":[113],"mechanisms":[115],"SNNs:":[117],"spike-timing-dependent":[118],"plasticity":[119],"(STDP).":[120],"Although":[121],"there":[122,127],"been":[124,135],"progress":[125],"here,":[126],"also":[129],"notable":[130],"pathologies":[131],"often":[134],"solved":[136],"with":[137],"variety":[139],"ad-hoc":[141],"techniques.":[142],"A":[143],"relatively":[144],"recent":[145],"development":[147],"is":[148],"attempts":[149],"map":[151],"convolutional":[153],"spiking":[157],"implementations,":[158],"but":[159],"these":[160],"may":[161],"not":[162],"leverage":[163],"all":[164],"claimed":[166],"spiking.":[169],"This":[170],"tutorial":[171],"overview":[172],"looks":[173],"at":[174],"existing":[175],"techniques":[176],"offers":[182],"some":[183],"thoughts":[184],"future":[186],"directions.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}