{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207655322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","title":"SmoothLRP: Smoothing LRP by Averaging over Stochastic Input Variations","display_name":"SmoothLRP: Smoothing LRP by Averaging over Stochastic Input Variations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207655322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","mag":"3207655322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509709","display_name":"ESANN 2021 proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESANN 2021 proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047773398","display_name":"Arne Raulf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8672-3014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Raulf","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Department of Bioinformatics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Department of Bioinformatics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021713263","display_name":"Sina D\u00e4ubener","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina D\u00e4ubener","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Department of Mathematics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Department of Mathematics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045277664","display_name":"Ben Luis Hack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Hack","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Department of Bioinformatics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Department of Bioinformatics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053881417","display_name":"Axel Mosig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-8323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Mosig","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Department of Bioinformatics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Department of Bioinformatics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026151059","display_name":"Asja Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1916-7033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asja Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Department of Mathematics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Department of Mathematics, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"599","last_page":"604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.7753700017929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.7491339445114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7187561392784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6386774778366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6303642988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6200688481330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49412229657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4390602111816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34299135208129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3310595452785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.11556404829025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08752769231796265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.7753700017929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.7491339445114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7187561392784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6386774778366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6303642988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6200688481330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49412229657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4390602111816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34299135208129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3310595452785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.11556404829025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08752769231796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509709","display_name":"ESANN 2021 proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESANN 2021 proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14428/esann/2021.es2021-139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509709","display_name":"ESANN 2021 proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESANN 2021 proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":"EXC 2092: CyberSicherheit im Zeitalter gro\u00dfskaliger Angreifer (CASA)","funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207655322.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207655322.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2070665556","https://openalex.org/W2169393322","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2342045095","https://openalex.org/W2498056627","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2750129264","https://openalex.org/W2796885425","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963483561","https://openalex.org/W2964254585","https://openalex.org/W2973136764","https://openalex.org/W3034720383","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4293861706","https://openalex.org/W4394663350","https://openalex.org/W6734194636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978572805","https://openalex.org/W2383807498","https://openalex.org/W1997992934","https://openalex.org/W1987225439","https://openalex.org/W4238188170","https://openalex.org/W2125114371","https://openalex.org/W2019977573","https://openalex.org/W2149980199","https://openalex.org/W3125766170","https://openalex.org/W2040641410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Explanations":[0],"of":[1,68,97],"neural":[2,10],"networks":[3,11],"predictions":[4],"are":[5],"a":[6,58],"necessity":[7],"for":[8,92],"deploying":[9],"in":[12,42],"safety":[13],"critical":[14],"domains.":[15],"Several":[16],"methods":[17],"were":[18],"developed":[19],"which":[20],"identify":[21],"most":[22],"relevant":[23],"input":[24,56],"features,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,62],"sensitivity":[28,47],"analysis":[29,48],"and":[30,74],"layer-wise":[31],"relevance":[32,81],"propagation":[33],"(LRP).":[34],"It":[35],"has":[36],"been":[37],"shown":[38],"that":[39,76],"the":[40,43,46,66,69,79,94],"noise":[41],"explanations":[44],"from":[45],"can":[49,89],"be":[50,90],"reduced":[51],"by":[52],"averaging":[53],"over":[54],"noisy":[55],"images,":[57],"method":[59],"referred":[60],"to":[61,72,84],"SmoothGrad.":[63],"We":[64],"investigate":[65],"application":[67],"same":[70],"principle":[71],"LRP":[73],"find":[75],"it":[77,88],"smooths":[78],"resulting":[80],"function":[82],"leading":[83],"improved":[85],"explanations.":[86],"Moreover,":[87],"applied":[91],"restoring":[93],"correct":[95],"label":[96],"adversarial":[98],"examples.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
