{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220699213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","title":"Estimating genetic variance contributed by a quantitative trait locus: A random model approach","display_name":"Estimating genetic variance contributed by a quantitative trait locus: A random model approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220699213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35275920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738088","display_name":"Shibo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-4718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-4718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034288081","display_name":"Fangjie Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangjie Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004706867","display_name":"Shizhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-6655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shizhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-6655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004706867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.7514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74046291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"e1009923","last_page":"e1009923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-trait-locus","display_name":"Quantitative trait locus","score":0.9459820985794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-based-qtl-mapping","display_name":"Family-based QTL mapping","score":0.6591306924819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-composite-interval-mapping","display_name":"Inclusive composite interval mapping","score":0.6321710348129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5130356550216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5107417106628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.4529120922088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3867955803871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.35947614908218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.32369840145111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17713695764541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-mapping","display_name":"Gene mapping","score":0.10504323244094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.0630810558795929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81941488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853421","display_name":"Quantitative trait locus","level":3,"score":0.9459820985794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21249469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5433313","display_name":"Family-based QTL mapping","level":5,"score":0.6591306924819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121212380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6014918","display_name":"Inclusive composite interval mapping","level":5,"score":0.6321710348129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5130356550216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5107417106628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.4529120922088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3867955803871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35947614908218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.32369840145111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17713695764541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122735190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715789","display_name":"Gene mapping","level":4,"score":0.10504323244094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0630810558795929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055106","descriptor_name":"Genome-Wide Association Study","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35275920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35275920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1009923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0371b882ff3495abb79d5b9083b1049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0371b882ff3495abb79d5b9083b1049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e1009923 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8942241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8942241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167374121","https://openalex.org/W1533411283","https://openalex.org/W1536497620","https://openalex.org/W1566245512","https://openalex.org/W1674786313","https://openalex.org/W1819387938","https://openalex.org/W1855326968","https://openalex.org/W1864995317","https://openalex.org/W1928998639","https://openalex.org/W1936555975","https://openalex.org/W1952662891","https://openalex.org/W1967061450","https://openalex.org/W1977104259","https://openalex.org/W1980168725","https://openalex.org/W1986084863","https://openalex.org/W1988930747","https://openalex.org/W1990250261","https://openalex.org/W1995542001","https://openalex.org/W2008640468","https://openalex.org/W2014419197","https://openalex.org/W2034608799","https://openalex.org/W2038269984","https://openalex.org/W2043549202","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2053114866","https://openalex.org/W2059206901","https://openalex.org/W2067715889","https://openalex.org/W2069842728","https://openalex.org/W2077763475","https://openalex.org/W2088486634","https://openalex.org/W2099688984","https://openalex.org/W2107289228","https://openalex.org/W2115335486","https://openalex.org/W2115435764","https://openalex.org/W2117654632","https://openalex.org/W2123162799","https://openalex.org/W2127684760","https://openalex.org/W2134036574","https://openalex.org/W2146707484","https://openalex.org/W2149877949","https://openalex.org/W2151714908","https://openalex.org/W2153222781","https://openalex.org/W2158547433","https://openalex.org/W2163285329","https://openalex.org/W2168558754","https://openalex.org/W2169214538","https://openalex.org/W2209005466","https://openalex.org/W2434319803","https://openalex.org/W2493925084","https://openalex.org/W2519375987","https://openalex.org/W2584469054","https://openalex.org/W2607240561","https://openalex.org/W2765597230","https://openalex.org/W2921752502","https://openalex.org/W2949184216","https://openalex.org/W3160831710","https://openalex.org/W3196472871","https://openalex.org/W4231003532","https://openalex.org/W4232383088","https://openalex.org/W4234698323","https://openalex.org/W6682731882","https://openalex.org/W7057439426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225422179","https://openalex.org/W2377489187","https://openalex.org/W2358274057","https://openalex.org/W3142997146","https://openalex.org/W2109085886","https://openalex.org/W2374446629","https://openalex.org/W3150418541","https://openalex.org/W2375659125","https://openalex.org/W2020153499","https://openalex.org/W2485152798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"quantitative":[1],"trait":[2,232],"loci":[3],"(QTL)":[4],"and":[5,22,36,120,174],"estimating":[6],"QTL":[7,13,20,34,46,50,75,101,112,118,123,131,143,154,165,170,178,197,227],"variances":[8,35,51,73,102,124],"(represented":[9],"by":[10,88,127,167,188],"the":[11,45,68,89,98,107,110,117,121,129,139,146,158,164,169,177,186,192,195,209,230],"squared":[12],"effects)":[14],"are":[15,29,52,103,116,125],"two":[16],"main":[17],"goals":[18],"of":[19,74,109,141,194,202],"mapping":[21,47,228],"genome-wide":[23],"association":[24],"studies":[25],"(GWAS).":[26],"However,":[27,71],"there":[28],"issues":[30,38],"associated":[31,60],"with":[32,61],"estimated":[33,72,105,111,122,130,142,153,196],"such":[37],"have":[39],"not":[40],"attracted":[41],"much":[42],"attention":[43],"from":[44,233],"community.":[48],"Estimated":[49],"usually":[53],"biased":[54,82],"upwards":[55],"due":[56,96],"to":[57,97,137,207,226],"estimation":[58,203],"being":[59],"significance":[62,77],"tests.":[63],"The":[64,114,148,211,221],"phenomenon":[65],"is":[66,95,150],"called":[67],"Beavis":[69,90],"effect.":[70,198],"without":[76],"tests":[78],"can":[79,161],"also":[80],"be":[81,86],"upwards,":[83],"which":[84],"cannot":[85],"explained":[87],"effect;":[91],"rather,":[92],"this":[93],"bias":[94,187],"fact":[99],"that":[100],"often":[104],"as":[106,172],"squares":[108],"effects.":[113,132],"parameters":[115],"effects":[119,144],"obtained":[126],"squaring":[128],"This":[133],"square":[134],"transformation":[135],"failed":[136],"incorporate":[138],"errors":[140],"into":[145,190],"transformation.":[147],"consequence":[149],"biases":[151],"in":[152],"variances.":[155],"To":[156],"correct":[157,208],"biases,":[159],"we":[160],"either":[162],"reformulate":[163],"model":[166],"treating":[168],"effect":[171],"random":[173],"directly":[175],"estimate":[176],"variance":[179,182],"(as":[180],"a":[181],"component)":[183],"or":[184],"adjust":[185],"taking":[189],"account":[191],"error":[193],"A":[199],"moment":[200],"method":[201,212,222],"has":[204,213,223],"been":[205,214,224],"proposed":[206],"bias.":[210],"validated":[215],"via":[216],"Monte":[217],"Carlo":[218],"simulation":[219],"studies.":[220],"applied":[225],"for":[229],"10-week-body-weight":[231],"an":[234],"F2":[235],"mouse":[236],"population.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
