{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413323267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","title":"Leaky or polarised immunity: Non-Markovian modelling highlights the impact of immune memory assumptions","display_name":"Leaky or polarised immunity: Non-Markovian modelling highlights the impact of immune memory assumptions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413323267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40828879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055280643","display_name":"Bastien Reyn\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-1240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087127","display_name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: \u00c9cologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, \u00c9volution et Contr\u00f4le","ror":"https://ror.org/00357kh21","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210087127","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106115","display_name":"Bordeaux Population Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00xzzba89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210106115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119150","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Vaccinale","ror":"https://ror.org/02f9r3321","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I4210116296","https://openalex.org/I4210119150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bastien Reyn\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France","Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, INRIA, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France","Vaccine Research Institute, Cr\u00e9teil, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-1240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210087127","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, INRIA, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210106115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vaccine Research Institute, Cr\u00e9teil, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075870916","display_name":"Tsukushi Kamiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-6699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187986737","display_name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France","ror":"https://ror.org/04ex24z53","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187986737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113621","display_name":"Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie","ror":"https://ror.org/01mvzn566","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210113621"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsukushi Kamiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIRB, Coll\u00e8ge de France, CNRS, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 PSL, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIRB, Coll\u00e8ge de France, CNRS, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 PSL, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210113621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038910404","display_name":"Rams\u00e8s Djidjou\u2010Demasse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-5190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087127","display_name":"Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: \u00c9cologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, \u00c9volution et Contr\u00f4le","ror":"https://ror.org/00357kh21","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210087127","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151598","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Thi\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/046xg8y70","country_code":"SN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR","SN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rams\u00e8s Djidjou-Demasse","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France","\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Thi\u00e8s, Thi\u00e8s, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210087127","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Thi\u00e8s, Thi\u00e8s, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083653654","display_name":"Samuel Alizon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187986737","display_name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France","ror":"https://ror.org/04ex24z53","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187986737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113621","display_name":"Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie","ror":"https://ror.org/01mvzn566","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210113621"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Alizon","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIRB, Coll\u00e8ge de France, CNRS, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 PSL, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIRB, Coll\u00e8ge de France, CNRS, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 PSL, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210113621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107932261","display_name":"Mircea T. Sofonea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104607","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de N\u00eemes","ror":"https://ror.org/0275ye937","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104607"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134790","display_name":"Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/0428ctr80","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210134790"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mircea T. Sofonea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Intensive Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU N\u00eemes, N\u00eemes, France","PCCEI, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Intensive Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU N\u00eemes, N\u00eemes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PCCEI, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210134790"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038910404","https://openalex.org/A5055280643","https://openalex.org/A5075870916","https://openalex.org/A5083653654","https://openalex.org/A5107932261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I187986737","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210087127","https://openalex.org/I4210104607","https://openalex.org/I4210106115","https://openalex.org/I4210113621","https://openalex.org/I4210119150","https://openalex.org/I4210134790","https://openalex.org/I4210151598","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.8163,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73158519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"e1013399","last_page":"e1013399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunity","display_name":"Immunity","score":0.579779863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunological-memory","display_name":"Immunological memory","score":0.5675064325332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5415753126144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.5353237986564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4801294505596161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4407830834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.35098448395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.346892774105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3305511772632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2526223659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.24180850386619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19137609004974365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.579779863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991763054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38103695","display_name":"Immunological memory","level":4,"score":0.5675064325332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5415753126144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5353237986564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4801294505596161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4407830834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.35098448395729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.346892774105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3305511772632599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2526223659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.24180850386619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19137609004974365}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000084063","descriptor_name":"Reinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084063","descriptor_name":"Reinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084063","descriptor_name":"Reinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007156","descriptor_name":"Immunologic Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007156","descriptor_name":"Immunologic Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007156","descriptor_name":"Immunologic Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018448","descriptor_name":"Models, Immunological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018448","descriptor_name":"Models, Immunological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018448","descriptor_name":"Models, Immunological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40828879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40828879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05283311v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05283311","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05283311/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, 2025, 21 (8), pp.e1013399. ⟨10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46707268bfac4c42908450861d27b622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46707268bfac4c42908450861d27b622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 21, Iss 8, p e1013399 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11215404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12407549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12407549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12407549/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013399&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989909266","display_name":"Institut de l'exposome de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","funder_award_id":"ANR-21-EXES-0005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413323267.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413323267.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199962434","https://openalex.org/W1979065938","https://openalex.org/W1999844549","https://openalex.org/W2011557321","https://openalex.org/W2056876758","https://openalex.org/W2063136684","https://openalex.org/W2065899271","https://openalex.org/W2113985642","https://openalex.org/W2146082879","https://openalex.org/W2156285549","https://openalex.org/W2161499589","https://openalex.org/W2165384760","https://openalex.org/W2888452576","https://openalex.org/W3003668884","https://openalex.org/W3009983851","https://openalex.org/W3013967887","https://openalex.org/W3015519064","https://openalex.org/W3016897431","https://openalex.org/W3038583651","https://openalex.org/W3044575348","https://openalex.org/W3086292481","https://openalex.org/W3105616635","https://openalex.org/W3134208712","https://openalex.org/W3134532833","https://openalex.org/W3136588845","https://openalex.org/W3153039449","https://openalex.org/W3158990692","https://openalex.org/W3174041556","https://openalex.org/W3179235031","https://openalex.org/W3196320082","https://openalex.org/W3198449348","https://openalex.org/W3209269499","https://openalex.org/W3214048353","https://openalex.org/W4214769103","https://openalex.org/W4220830840","https://openalex.org/W4282937883","https://openalex.org/W4292315763","https://openalex.org/W4310078966","https://openalex.org/W4321019564","https://openalex.org/W4362609000","https://openalex.org/W4367295931","https://openalex.org/W4384692955","https://openalex.org/W4385999523","https://openalex.org/W4386629521","https://openalex.org/W4386703694","https://openalex.org/W4387245019","https://openalex.org/W4403082523","https://openalex.org/W4405104461","https://openalex.org/W4410195033","https://openalex.org/W6776190247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357948923","https://openalex.org/W4313472242","https://openalex.org/W2089289553","https://openalex.org/W2950380473","https://openalex.org/W2048674388","https://openalex.org/W2320258968","https://openalex.org/W2107014805","https://openalex.org/W2336656712","https://openalex.org/W4362601231","https://openalex.org/W1944479519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mathematical":[0],"models":[1],"tend":[2],"to":[3,30,55,76],"oversimplify":[4],"the":[5,40,43,58,61,118],"biological":[6],"details":[7],"of":[8,48,60,105,113,121],"vaccine":[9],"or":[10,27],"infection-derived":[11],"immunity":[12,62,74,93,100],"effectiveness.":[13],"Yet,":[14],"epidemiological":[15,129],"outcomes":[16],"may":[17],"diverge":[18],"when":[19],"assuming":[20],"polarised":[21,99],"immunity-individuals":[22],"are":[23,35],"either":[24],"fully":[25],"susceptible":[26],"completely":[28],"immune-compared":[29],"leaky":[31,73,92],"immunity-where":[32],"all":[33],"individuals":[34],"partially":[36],"protected.":[37],"We":[38],"explore":[39],"differences":[41],"between":[42,80],"two":[44],"by":[45],"taking":[46],"advantage":[47],"a":[49,77,102,110],"non-Markovian":[50],"framework,":[51],"which":[52],"allows":[53],"us":[54],"explicitly":[56],"record":[57],"'age'":[59],"and":[63,101,131],"vary":[64],"its":[65],"effectiveness":[66],"accordingly.":[67],"A":[68,82],"basic":[69],"scenario":[70,85],"reveals":[71],"that":[72,91],"leads":[75],"shorter":[78],"time":[79],"reinfections.":[81],"more":[83,96],"data-driven":[84],"based":[86],"on":[87],"SARS-CoV-2":[88],"data":[89],"finds":[90],"yields":[94],"substantially":[95],"reinfections":[97],"than":[98],"higher":[103],"number":[104],"infected":[106],"individuals,":[107],"yet":[108],"with":[109],"lower":[111],"probability":[112],"hospitalisation.":[114],"Our":[115],"findings":[116],"emphasize":[117],"critical":[119],"role":[120],"immune":[122],"memory":[123],"modelling":[124],"assumptions,":[125],"especially":[126],"for":[127],"long-term":[128],"dynamics":[130],"public":[132],"health":[133],"policies.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}